Background : Serum trace elements have been some time suggested to influence the development of gastric cancer, but evidence is still lacking.
Methods : In a case-control study from a high risk region of East China, all newly diagnosed patients with gastric cancer were compared with healthy controls 1:1 matched by sex, age (± 3 years) and place of residence during 2013- 2015.
Results : A total of 299cases of gastric cancers, which included 122 cases of gastric cardia cancer (GCC) and 177 gastric non-cardia cancer (NCGC), and 299 healthy controls were included. Positive associations were found between serum copper and copper/zinc ratio and risk of overall gastric cancer (OR 4th vs. 1st quartile : 2.42, 95% CI: 1.10-5.32 for copper, p for trend=0.003; OR 4th vs. 1st quartile : 11.7, 95% CI: 3.83-35.6 for copper/zinc ratio, p for trend<0.0001), and for both GCC and NCGC subtypes. Serum selenium inversely associated with risk of NCGC (OR 4th vs. 1st quartile : 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07-0.51, p for trend=0.0001), while molybdenum seem to reduce risk of GCC (OR 4th vs. 1st quartile : 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03-0.47, p for trend<0.0001). Strong inverse associations were also detected between serum calcium and risk of all groups of gastric cancer (all p for trend<0.05). Although intermediate serum level of zinc and iron had lower risk of gastric cancer, no linear association was however found (all p for trend>0.05).
Conclusions : The current study present evidences for positive associations between copper, copper/zinc ratio and gastric cancer, as well as for inverse associations between serum selenium, molybdenum and calcium and risk of gastric cancer.