Serum zonulin and claudin-5 levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Avşar, Pınar Aydoğan; Işık, Ümit; Aktepe, Evrim; Kılıç, Faruk; Doğuç, Duygu Kumbul; Büyükbayram, Halil İbrahim

doi:10.1080/13651501.2020.1801754

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In literature, there are two studies examining zonulin levels in ADHD (21,32). In one of those studies, conducted in children with ADHD, no significant difference was found between serum zonulin levels of ADHD and control groups (32). However, consistent with our findings, Özyurt et al (21) reported that zonulin was associated with hyperactivity and social responsiveness in children with ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu olan Çocuklarda Serum Zonulin Düzeyleri ve Sosyal Biliş

Yurteri

Şahin

2020

Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

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Aim: Alterations in gut-brain axis of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been indicated in recent studies. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum level of zonulin, considered to be a regulator of permeability in both gut-blood and blood-brain barriers, was associated with ADHD symptoms, and to evaluate the relationship between zonulin and social cognition in children with ADHD. Material and Methods: Serum level of zonulin was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 40 treatment-naive children with ADHD, and age and gender matched 40 healthy children as control group. DuPaul ADHD Rating Scale was used for ADHD symptoms and reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET) was administered by the clinician to examine the social cognitive abilities. Results: We found that serum zonulin levels were significantly higher in ADHD group compared to control group (p=0.010). Also, children with ADHD have significantly lower RMET scores (p=0.007). Furthermore, we found statistically significant positive correlations between serum zonulin levels and ADHD symptoms (p<0.001) and a negative correlation between serum zonulin levels and RMET scores (p=0.001) in ADHD group. Conclusion:The present study is the first to evaluate whether there is a relationship between serum zonulin levels and social cognition in children with ADHD. The results of our study indicate that zonulin may be associated with ADHD and social cognition. Further studies with larger samples are required to determine the role of zonulin in ADHD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…RMET is designed to test comprehension of other's mental states by looking at eye expression (29)(30)(31)(32). It was created by Baron-Cohen et al (29) in 1997, and a revised form was published in 2001 (30).…”

Section: Reading the Mind In The Eyes Test (Rmet)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu olan Çocuklarda Serum Zonulin Düzeyleri ve Sosyal Biliş

Yurteri

Şahin

2020

Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

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“… 18 The relationship between serum levels of these molecules and intestinal permeability has been described in various diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases, coeliac disease, allergic asthma, obsessive‐compulsive disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zonulin and claudin‐5 levels in multisystem inflammatory syndrome and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children

Kılıç

Akın

Yazar

et al. 2022

J Paediatrics Child Health

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Aim: SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is generally asymptomatic or mild; however, it can lead to a life-threatening clinical condition, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), days or weeks after the infection. Increased intestinal permeability isa possible triggering factor at the onset of the hyperinflammation associated with MIS-C. Zonulin and claudin-5 are involved in intestinal permeability. In this study, we aimed to investigate serum zonulin and claudin-5 levels in SARS-CoV-2 infection and MIS-C disease. Methods: The study group consisted of children diagnosed with MIS-C or SARS-CoV-2 infection who presented to a university hospital paediatric emergency or infectious diseases departments. The control group included well patients seen at the General Pediatrics units for routine follow-up. Serum zonulin and claudin-5 levels were measured at the time of diagnosis. Results: Fifteen patients were included in the MIS-C group, 19 in the SARS-CoV-2 infection group and 21 in the control group. The mean zonulin level in the MIS-C group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). Mean Claudin-5 levels were Psignificantly lower in the SARS-CoV-2 infection group than in the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion:These results indicate that increased intestinal permeability may be involved in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and MIS-C disease. Larger clinical trials are needed to clarify the role of serum zonulin and claudin-5 on intestinal permeability in MIS-C and SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.

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“…A limited number of studies have reported increased systemic levels of claudins as a marker for impaired intestinal barrier function, e.g., increased serum claudin-5 in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( 67 ) and increased urinary claudin-3 in patients with active Crohn's disease which was associated with decreased claudin-3 staining in intestinal biopsies ( 68 ). However, validation of these markers against the gold standard, i.e., Ussing chambers, is still lacking.…”

Section: Methods To Assess Intestinal Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Intestinal Permeability in Gastrointestinal Disorders and Current Methods of Evaluation

2021

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An increased intestinal permeability has been described in various gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal disorders. Nevertheless, the concept and definition of intestinal permeability is relatively broad and includes not only an altered paracellular route, regulated by tight junction proteins, but also the transcellular route involving membrane transporters and channels, and endocytic mechanisms. Paracellular intestinal permeability can be assessed in vivo by using different molecules (e.g., sugars, polyethylene glycols, 51Cr-EDTA) and ex vivo in Ussing chambers combining electrophysiology and probes of different molecular sizes. The latter is still the gold standard technique for assessing the epithelial barrier function, whereas in vivo techniques, including putative blood biomarkers such as intestinal fatty acid-binding protein and zonulin, are broadly used despite limitations. In the second part of the review, the current evidence of the role of impaired barrier function in the pathophysiology of selected gastrointestinal and liver diseases is discussed. Celiac disease is one of the conditions with the best evidence for impaired barrier function playing a crucial role with zonulin as its proposed regulator. Increased permeability is clearly present in inflammatory bowel disease, but the question of whether this is a primary event or a consequence of inflammation remains unsolved. The gut-liver axis with a crucial role in impaired intestinal barrier function is increasingly recognized in chronic alcoholic and metabolic liver disease. Finally, the current evidence does not support an important role for increased permeability in bile acid diarrhea.

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Serum zonulin and claudin-5 levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 30 publications

References 50 publications

Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu olan Çocuklarda Serum Zonulin Düzeyleri ve Sosyal Biliş

Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu olan Çocuklarda Serum Zonulin Düzeyleri ve Sosyal Biliş

Zonulin and claudin‐5 levels in multisystem inflammatory syndrome and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children

The Role of Intestinal Permeability in Gastrointestinal Disorders and Current Methods of Evaluation

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