“…Studies have been performed using different processing/heat treatments on steels [14,44] and aluminum alloys [22,28,[45][46][47]. Other experimental investigations have included the effects of high-temperature cycles typical of repair procedures for high-strength steels [48] and the effects of prior heat exposure on the axial-crush response of aluminum extrusions [49]. Results have shown response mode changes from ductile fold formation to fracture and differences in mode response and crush characteristic magnitudes in the fold-formation process.…”