Serviços ecossistêmicos no planejamento integrado do território metropolitano: oferta, demanda e pressões sobre a provisão de água na região metropolitana de Curitiba

The accelerated process of urbanization of the planet and the significant accumulation of the human population make the existence of green areas in cities more and more necessary. Even so, in developing countries, measuring the cultural benefits generated by these areas is scarce. The insertion of ecosystem services into urban planning is also very infrequent. This work sought to estimate the monetary value of the benefits generated by urban parks in different social contexts in the city of Recife. For this, we used the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), applying 421 questionnaires in three parks located in neighborhoods with different characteristics. We adopted the Bivariate Probit to analyze the dichotomous questions and calculate the willingness to pay (WTP) estimates. The estimated flow of annual benefits in cultural ecosystem services is calculated based on two scenarios of potential beneficiaries who live between 800 m and 4,800 m from the parks. The results showed that the annual WTP varied between R$ 34 and R$ 87. The user characteristics such as age and sex were significant for the model, while the education level was not. Users with higher income had a higher WTP in absolute terms, while in proportional terms, users with lower income had a higher WTP. In this way, the results seem to demonstrate that the cultural ecosystem services provided by urban parks are more important in less favored social contexts. This factor can support more equitable planning in providing these public spaces.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valuation of cultural ecosystem services in urban parks with different social contexts in the city of Recife (PE), Brazil

Florencio

Silva

Neto

2022

“…Moreover, rapid urbanization that occurs in large Brazilian metropolises has been generating various environmental and social problems and has resulted in severe ecosystem services degradation (Carbone et al, 2020), as well as threats to conservation areas. Examples of negative impacts related to increasing population density and demands of urban environments that emerge in mega cities are floods, insufficient water availability, the urban heat island effect, poor air quality, and noise pollution, all of which are expected to be further exacerbated by the vulnerability of each region to climate change impacts, affecting human health and the well-being of population and ecosystems (Lourdes et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal evaluation of ecosystem services in the São Paulo Macrometropolis, Brazil

Ikematsu,

Quintanilha

2023

Urbanization is one of the key factors that drive changes in ecosystem services. Although various studies have analyzed relationships between land-cover change and ecosystem services degradation, few have explored the impacts in future scenarios in mega metropolitan areas. This work performed an individual and integrated spatio-temporal assessment of four ecosystem services in the São Paulo Macrometropolis, the largest urban agglomeration in Latin America, in different land-cover scenarios using Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) software. Correlation analysis and map algebra were used to identify trade-offs and synergies, as well as hotspots and coldspots of multiple ecosystem services. The results showed decreasing trends in the supply capacity of erosion control, carbon storage, and seasonal water yield in the entire São Paulo Macrometropolis and most of its Regional Units, as well as evidence of a worsening of trade-offs between the ecosystem services evaluated. Furthermore, areas with a high supply of three or more ecosystem services were coincident with Conservation Areas, emphasizing the importance of these protected areas. By revealing important relationships among four ecosystem services, the outputs suggest regions and combinations of services for which spatial planning and appropriate conservation mechanisms can be used to optimize synergies and mitigate trade-offs. The results can help land use planning practitioners and decision-makers to design management strategies and policies for conservation and restoration based on linkages between specific units and associated ecosystem services and their trade-offs in this strategic region of Brazil.

“…This process of metropolization generates a concentration of economic activities and essential services (Polèse and Shearmur, 2004), producing new urban morphologies (Moura, 2012), with environmental and social problems, poverty, social and territorial segregation; violence; crime; deterioration of the environment, and quality of life (Fernandes and Vieira, 2021). The metropolises are, therefore, a significant challenge to management and metropolitan governance that involves different social actors, scales, territorial and functional spaces, and shared planning actions that can intrinsically reconcile socio-economic and environmental development demands (Frey, 2012;Carbone at al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social capital in a social network: Curitiba, a city for cars

Salles

Limont

Cortese

et al. 2022

This article is part of the studies of the Sustainability Assessment Center (NIPAS), to analyze Curitiba's social capital, expressed in the Colab digital social network. Colab is a social network accessible through its own account or Facebook. Its role is to provide citizens with spaces for interaction with public authorities or to publicize problems, proposals, and evaluations on aspects of cities. Thus, the research question arises: What is the social capital expressed in this social network? The methodology involved cataloging all Colab data, categorizing it according to the analytical model, and characterizing social capital. The results show that males aged between 30 and 49 interacted the most. Inspections prevailed among the three categories of Colab, inspection, proposals, and evaluations. This demonstrates that the expression of social capital is limited to occasional acts of dissatisfaction about the municipal public authority’s performance. In this case, the predominant themes are related to driving, such as parking, traffic signs, and road problems. About the macro categories of social capital, the interactions can be framed in “set of norms and values,” “citizenship,” and “sense of belonging”. The main conclusion is that although Curitiba is a city famous for its collective transportation, the predominance of social capital expressed in Colab is related to the automobile.