Setting the record straight: a rebuttal to an erroneous analysis on transgenic insecticidal crops and natural enemies

Shelton, Anthony M.; Naranjo, Steven E.; Romeis, Jörg; Hellmich, Richard L.; Wolt, Jeffrey D.; Federici, Brian A.; Albajes, R.; Bigler, F.; Burgess, Elisabeth P. J.; Dively, Galen P.; Gatehouse, Angharad M. R.; Malone, Louise A.; Roush, Richard T.; Sears, M. K.; Sehnal, František

doi:10.1007/s11248-009-9260-5

Cited by 65 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Erroneous analysis of impacts of transgenic-insecticidal crops on natural enemies may ensue from inappropriate and unsound methods for risk assessment, thereby leading to conclusions that are in conflict with those of several recent comprehensive reviews and meta-analyses (Shelton et al 2009). For example, laboratory and glasshouse research showed effects on natural enemies only when Bt-susceptible, sub-lethal damage herbivores were used as prey or host with no indication of direct toxic effect, whereas field assessments confirmed that the abundance and activity of parasitoids and predators are similar in Bt and non-Bt crops (Romeis et al 2006).…”

Section: Pest Resistance and Impacts On Non-target Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Engineering and Transgenic Breeding

Ríos

2015

Plant Breeding in the Omics Era

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Section: Pest Resistance and Impacts On Non-target Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Engineering and Transgenic Breeding

Ríos

2015

Plant Breeding in the Omics Era

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“…The practice of allowing Bt-resistant hosts to ingest Bt proteins and then feeding the hosts to natural enemies (both predators and parasitoids) has shown no effects on the natural enemies (Chen et al 2008;Tian et al 2012). However, some reports continue to suggest that natural enemies may be harmed by Bt proteins (Lövei et al 2009), but these reports have been challenged (Shelton et al 2009). …”

Section: Natural Enemiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically modified soybean expressing insecticidal protein (Cry1Ac): Management risk and perspectives

Martins-Salles

Machado

Massochin-Pinto

et al. 2017

FACETS

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A Bt soybean has been recently developed, thus, efficiently regulating the populations of major lepidopteran pests. However, in other cases, these benefits have been reduced or lost because of the rapid evolution of pest resistance to the Bt toxins in transgenic crops. When pest populations are exposed to Bt crops and to refuges (non-Bt plants), the evolution of resistance is governed by the fitness of resistant individuals relative to susceptible individuals for both the presence and absence of Bt toxins. One major ecological concern regarding the biosafety of Bt crops on the environment is their potential effects on non-target organisms, especially predators and parasitoids that play an important role in pest control. This information is important for supporting insect resistance management (IRM) programs and for improving agricultural practices in a crop production system with Bt plants. Before the use of Bt plants for insect pest control in Brazil is adopted, IRM programs should be established to ensure the sustainability of this technology for integrated pest management (IPM). This review presents data on Bt soybean and lepidopteran pests as well as on the importance of natural enemies as a form of biological control, and applications for IPM and IRM.

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“…Transgenic Bt cotton expressing cry1Ac and cry2Ab genes had no harmful effects on the ladybird beetle (Li et al, 2011). The laboratory results of Lovei et al (2009) showed a negative impact of Bt on arthropods, which was later challenged and reported as a misleading conclusion by Shelton et al (2009). In some instances, more nontarget insects were found in Bt crops as compared to nonBt crops where insecticides were applied, suggesting transgenic Bt technology to be quite safe in this context.…”

Section: Effects Of Bt Crops On Nontarget Insectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect-resistant transgenic crops: retrospect and challenges

Bakhsh¹,

Khabbazi²,

Baloch³

et al. 2015

Turk J Agric For

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The advent of genetic engineering has revolutionized agriculture remarkably with the development of superior insect-resistant crop varieties harboring resistance against insect pests. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used as a main source for insect-resistant genes. In addition to Bt endotoxins, various plant lectins and other non-Bt genes from different sources have also been introduced in crop plants of economic importance. The insect-resistant crops have made a huge economic impact worldwide since their commercial release. The cultivation of insect-resistant cultivars has resulted both in increased crop productivity and in decreased environmental pollution. Although insect-resistant crops have been allowed to be commercialized following proper biosafety guidelines and procedures, still these crops face many challenges in order to be fully adopted and accepted. The degradation kinetics of Bt proteins, horizontal and vertical gene flow, effects on nontarget insects or organisms, antibiotic resistance, and some other unintended effects have been noted and discussed. Although no concrete evidence regarding any significant hazard of genetically engineered crops has been presented so far, the debate still remains intense. Impartial and professionally competent regulatory mechanisms for the evaluation of insect-resistant and other transgenic crops must be fully functionalized. The first part of this review focuses the development of different insect-resistant crops and various strategies adapted to delay resistance development in insect pests, while the second part addresses the challenges and future prospects of insect-resistant crops.

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Setting the record straight: a rebuttal to an erroneous analysis on transgenic insecticidal crops and natural enemies

Cited by 65 publications

References 27 publications

Genetic Engineering and Transgenic Breeding

Genetic Engineering and Transgenic Breeding

Genetically modified soybean expressing insecticidal protein (Cry1Ac): Management risk and perspectives

Insect-resistant transgenic crops: retrospect and challenges

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