Setting the stage: How speakers prepare listeners for the introduction of referents in dialogues and monologues

How Toddlers and Preschoolers Learn to Uniquely Identify Referents for Others: A Training Study

“…To adequately describe development and its endpoints, then, we will need to establish how mature speakers communicate, where they are vulnerable to misunderstanding, and how they tend to resolve difficulties. Recent studies of adult abilities to convey information to others have revealed not only adept choice of referring expressions but also an ability to set up entire referential episodes, where the speaker guides their addressee to incrementally formulate representations of referents and the scenes to which they belong (Smith, Noda, Andrews, & Jucker, 2005). Clearly, adult speakers are exquisitely sensitive to the goals of communicative exchange even if their execution of these goals can at times leave a lot to be desired.…”

Disfluences et vieillissement langagier. De la base de données VALIBEL aux corpus outillés en français parlé

“…Ces particularités linguistiques sont le plus souvent considérées comme étant la conséquence de changements cognitifs normaux liés à l'âge (Burke & Shafto, 2008), à savoir le ralentissement de la vitesse de traitement de l'information, un accès moins aisé au lexique et des troubles des capacités d'inhibition (Mathey & Postal, 2008). Mais elles peuvent aussi dépendre de besoins physiologiques (par exemple, l'activité respiratoire), d'une volonté de coopération avec l'interlocuteur ou d'un effort de planification cognitive, davantage marqués chez la personne âgée (Bortfeld, Leon, Bloom, Schober & Brennan, 2001 ;Smith, Noda, Andrews & Jucker, 2005).…”

Tuning accessibility of referring expressions in situated dialogue

“…In effect, the objects of coordinated joint action would be in discourse focus (S. Smith, Noda, Andrews, & Jucker, 2005) and highly accessible. In the view of Gundel et al (1993Gundel et al ( , 2012, more accessible referents licence not just less complex forms of referring expression, but a range of forms including the less complex.…”