Setting up an early warning system for epidemic-prone diseases in Darfur: a participative approach

Pinto, Augusto; Saeed, Mubarak; Sakka, Hammam El; Rashford, Adrienne; Colombo, Alessandro; Valenciano, Marta; Sabatinelli, Guido

doi:10.1111/j.0361-3666.2005.00294.x

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Only three studies reported on internally displaced people (IDPs): northern Ugandans (1992-2002) [n = 2] [42,43] and IDPs in Darfur, Sudan (2004) [44], both mainly living in camps. Four studies reported on urban, non-displaced populations living in armed conflict areas, of which one covered the acute emergency period (Bissau, Guinea Bissau, 1998-1999) [45] and three the post-emergency or early recovery period (Kabul [46] and Herat [47], Afghanistan, 2002-2003; Monrovia, Liberia, 2005 [48]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of acute respiratory infections in crisis-affected populations: a systematic review

et al. 2010

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Crises due to armed conflict, forced displacement and natural disasters result in excess morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases. Historically, acute respiratory infections (ARIs) have received relatively little attention in the humanitarian sector. We performed a systematic review to generate evidence on the burden of ARI in crises, and inform prioritisation of relief interventions. We identified 36 studies published since 1980 reporting data on the burden (incidence, prevalence, proportional morbidity or mortality, case-fatality, attributable mortality rate) of ARI, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases, version 10 and as diagnosed by a clinician, in populations who at the time of the study were affected by natural disasters, armed conflict, forced displacement, and nutritional emergencies. We described studies and stratified data by age group, but did not do pooled analyses due to heterogeneity in case definitions. The published evidence, mainly from refugee camps and surveillance or patient record review studies, suggests very high excess morbidity and mortality (20-35% proportional mortality) and case-fatality (up to 30-35%) due to ARI. However, ARI disease burden comparisons with non-crisis settings are difficult because of non-comparability of data. Better epidemiological studies with clearer case definitions are needed to provide the evidence base for priority setting and programme impact assessments. Humanitarian agencies should include ARI prevention and control among infants, children and adults as priority activities in crises. Improved data collection, case management and vaccine strategies will help to reduce disease burden.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of acute respiratory infections in crisis-affected populations: a systematic review

et al. 2010

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“…54 Outputs from the surveillance study showed that when an early warning system was used in camps, disease incidence and mortality were identified and reported quicker. 55 A major benefit from the surveillance system was the increased ability to detect outbreaks of uncommon diseases such as hepatitis E more quickly.…”

Section: Disease Prevention Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Achieving optimal intervention delivery, therefore, requires innovative strategies which include program combinations, use of pre-existing structures and focus on health system strengthening. 36,45,46,55,63…”

Section: Health Intervention Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The review showed that the use of already existing structures amplified intervention successes and reduced costs. 49,53,55 Key contributors to high intervention uptake among the IDPs were availability of incentives, free services (e.g. water treatment, ITNs), and personal awareness of either general health conditions (e.g.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Health Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Essential healthcare services provided to conflict-affected internallydisplaced populations in low and middle-income countries: A systematicreview

Ekezie

Adaji

Murray

2020

Health Promot Perspect

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Background: Conflict and violent crises have resulted in over 40 million of internally displaced persons (IDPs). Most affected regions lack access to basic health resources and generally rely on humanitarian support. The objective of this review was to appraise primary health service interventions among conflict-induced internally displaced populations in low and middle income countries between 2000 and 2019. Methods: A systematic review of literature in the following databases: Embase, MEDLINE, PsyArticles, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, LILAC and CAB Articles, was performed to identify interventions implemented in conflict IDP settings. Results: Initial searches yielded 4578 papers and 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. Descriptivesynthesis analysis was used, and the final selections were assessed using a customized CriticalAppraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Included papers were from Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and the Middle East regions. Most studies were on prevention interventions, especially water treatment and maternal health. Treatment interventions mostly focused on onmalaria and mental health. Only one food and nutrition study with outcome data was identified, indicating limitations in IDP health-related intervention publications. Reported interventions were conducted between one week to five years, and the study qualities were moderate. The most effective interventions were integrated programmes and common challenges were weakstudy methodology and data reporting. Conclusion: Regardless of the intervention types and durations, the services offered were beneficial to the IDPs. More intervention evidence are, however required as shown in gaps around food and nutrition, health education and disease surveillance.

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“…For instance, the formation of a community advisory board that includes faithbased organizations, community leaders, and community-outreach workers should be effective in facilitating emergency risk communications such as warnings (Andrulis et al, 2007). Recently, such an approach where community leaders in refugee camps acted as part of an early warning system prevented the outbreak of infectious diseases in Darfur (Pinto et al, 2005).…”

Section: Warnings Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warning the world of extreme events: A global perspective on risk communication for natural and technological disaster

Mayhorn

McLaughlin

2014

Safety Science

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Setting up an early warning system for epidemic-prone diseases in Darfur: a participative approach

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

The burden of acute respiratory infections in crisis-affected populations: a systematic review

The burden of acute respiratory infections in crisis-affected populations: a systematic review

Essential healthcare services provided to conflict-affected internallydisplaced populations in low and middle-income countries: A systematicreview

Warning the world of extreme events: A global perspective on risk communication for natural and technological disaster

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