Seven basic dimensions of personality pathology and their clinical consequences: Are all personalities equally harmful?

Vall, Gemma; Gutiérrez, Fernando; Peri, Josep María; Gárriz, Miguel; Ferraz, Liliana; Baillès, Eva; Obiols, Jordi E.

doi:10.1111/bjc.12091

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Further difficulty for the spectrum account is that scoring high on neuroticism prospectively predicts lower romantic and occupational success, subjective wellbeing, longevity, and higher frequency of mental and general health service use (Hills & Argyle, 2001;Ozer & Benet-Martínez, 2006;Roberts et al 2007;Steel et al 2008;Lahey, 2009), among others. The spectrum model cannot account for individual differences in personal resources and contextual factors that may result in the eventual non-expression of mental health problems (Duckworth et al 2005;van der Krieke et al 2015), or the natural course and dynamics of personality developmentamong which a normative decrease in neuroticism of d = 0.77 towards middle age (see Roberts et al 2006), nor the bidirectional relationships between neuroticism and symptoms (Ormel et al 2013(Ormel et al , 2014.…”

Section: Spectrum Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lahey et al 2011). This underscores the need for research designs that can account for both inter-individual and intra-individual variance, such as experience sampling, which may help answer questions about processes that underlie the neuroticism-psychopathology link (Molenaar, 2008;van der Krieke et al 2015).…”

Section: Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fried et al 2014;Fried & Nesse, 2015). Research at this level of granularity may therefore also advance the development of personalized prevention and treatment strategies (Borsboom & Cramer, 2013;van der Krieke et al 2015), which can impact both high neuroticism and CMD episodes (Barlow & Nock, 2009;Lahey, 2009;Ormel et al 2013).…”

Section: Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroticism's prospective association with mental disorders halves after adjustment for baseline symptoms and psychiatric history, but the adjusted association hardly decays with time: a meta-analysis on 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants

Jeronimus¹,

Kotov²,

Riese³

et al. 2016

Psychol. Med.

283

169

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show abstract

Section: Spectrum Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neuroticism's prospective association with mental disorders halves after adjustment for baseline symptoms and psychiatric history, but the adjusted association hardly decays with time: a meta-analysis on 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants

Jeronimus¹,

Kotov²,

Riese³

et al. 2016

Psychol. Med.

283

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Defined as a tendency to engage in behaviors without forethought (Evenden, 1999), impulsivity is apparent across psychiatric diagnostic categories and can lead to poorer outcomes in patients with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, and substance use disorders (de Wit, 2009;Kessler et al, 2014;Lopez-Torrecillas et al, 2014;Swann, 2010;Vall et al, 2015). The putative relationship between motivated behavior and orexin transmission support targeting orexin receptors for therapeutic intervention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Suvorexant, a Dual Orexin/Hypocretin Receptor Antagonist, on Impulsive Behavior Associated with Cocaine

Gentile

Simmons

Watson

et al. 2017

Neuropsychopharmacol.

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Hypothalamic hypocretin (orexin) peptides mediate arousal, attention, and reward processing. Fibers containing orexins project to brain structures that govern motivated behavior, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA). A number of psychiatric conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders, are characterized by deficits in impulse control, however the relationship between orexin and impulsive behavior is incompletely characterized. The effects of systemic or centrally administered orexin receptor (OXR) antagonists on measures of impulsive-like behavior in rats were evaluated using the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) and delay discounting procedures. These paradigms were also used to test the capacity of OXR antagonists to attenuate acute cocaine-evoked impulsivity. Finally, immunohistochemistry and calcium imaging were used to assess potential cellular mechanisms by which OXR blockade may influence motor impulsivity. Suvorexant, a dual (OXR) orexin receptor antagonist, reduced cocaine-evoked premature responses in 5-CSRTT when administered systemically or directly into VTA. Neither suvorexant nor OXR- or OXR-selective compounds (SB334867 or TCS-OX2-29, respectively) altered delay discounting. Finally, suvorexant did not alter Fos-immunoreactivity within tyrosine hydroxylase-immunolabeled neurons of VTA, but did attenuate cocaine- and orexin-induced increases in calcium transient amplitude within neurons of VTA. Results from the present studies suggest potential therapeutic utility of OXR antagonists in reducing psychostimulant-induced motor impulsivity. These findings also support the view that orexin transmission is closely involved in executive function in normal and pathological conditions.

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“…Finally, we used categorical scores for personality pathology assessed by the SNAP-FV. Some scholars have challenged the categorical construct of personality pathology and haveinsteadsuggested a dimensional model of personality (Clark, 2007;Livesley & Jackson, 2009;Vall et al, 2015). Because dimension-based conceptualization may be much more useful, future studies should analyse personality dimensions and schema modes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the schema mode concept in personality disordered offenders

Vos

Bernstein

Clark

et al. 2017

Legal Criminol Psychol

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Purpose A core element of Schema Therapy (ST) is ‘schema modes’ or fluctuating emotional states. ST assumes that particular personality pathology consists of specific combinations of maladaptive schema modes. There is confirmatory evidence for the modes hypothesized to be central to borderline and narcissistic personality disorder (PD) in non‐forensic patients. In this study, we tested three aspects of the construct validity of schema modes in cluster‐B personality disordered offenders, examining its factorial validity, and the relations among personality disorders and violence risk. Method Our sample consisted of 70 offenders who were diagnosed with an antisocial, borderline, or narcissistic PD. Schema modes were assessed with the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI), personality disorders with the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality‐Forensic Version (SNAP‐FV), and violence risk with the Historical, Clinical, and Risk management scheme (HCR‐20V2). Results When controlling for the two other PDs, three schema mode factors distinguished antisocial PD as a disorder involving both low scores on internalizing and high scores on externalizing modes, and borderline PD as involving high scores on internalizing modes. Furthermore, the externalizing schema modes were a significant predictor for violence risk inside the hospital. Conclusions The hypothesized mode models were partially supported for all three PDs. The findings thus provide some support for the construct validity of schema modes in a forensic sample.

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Seven basic dimensions of personality pathology and their clinical consequences: Are all personalities equally harmful?

Abstract: We examine only a handful of clinical outcomes. Our results may not be generalizable to other clinical or life outcomes. Our variables are self-reported and hence susceptible to bias. Our design does not allow us to establish causal relationships between personality and clinical outcomes.

Cited by 22 publications

References 93 publications

Neuroticism's prospective association with mental disorders halves after adjustment for baseline symptoms and psychiatric history, but the adjusted association hardly decays with time: a meta-analysis on 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants

Neuroticism's prospective association with mental disorders halves after adjustment for baseline symptoms and psychiatric history, but the adjusted association hardly decays with time: a meta-analysis on 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants

Effects of Suvorexant, a Dual Orexin/Hypocretin Receptor Antagonist, on Impulsive Behavior Associated with Cocaine

Validation of the schema mode concept in personality disordered offenders

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