Seven new chemical constituents from the roots of Gentiana macrophylla pall

Hou, Shu-Bing; Wang, Xin; Huang, Rong; Liu, Huan; Hu, Hai-Min; Hu, Wenyi; Lv, Si-Tong; Zhao, Huan; Chen, Guang

doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104476

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In the UPLC–QTOF–MS database of RGM aromatic extract, PLG, MAA and GTX were found to show a good response and UV characteristics in the DAD (Figures S23–S25). On the other hand, since these three compounds have been reported to have multiple bioactivities (Chao et al, 2011; Hou et al, 2020; Liu et al, 2017; Piao et al, 2003; Tan et al, 1996; Wang, Xu, Jiang, & Zhang, 2013) and represent three types of aromatic constituents in RGMs, they were selected as the target components for further quantitative analysis of different herb materials. As shown in Figures S23–S25, three characteristic compounds gave different maximum absorptions (i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, 2‐phenylethyl β ‐ d ‐glucopyranoside (PLG), found in Gentiana macrophylla Pall. (Hou et al, 2020), was reported to protect hepatic tissue from oxidative damage in vitro and in vivo , suggesting the effectiveness of PLG in liver disease treatment (Chao et al, 2011). Gentioxepine (GTX) and similar structure 3′‐hydroxy gentioxepine were isolated from G. macrophylla Pall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gentioxepine (GTX) and similar structure 3′‐hydroxy gentioxepine were isolated from G. macrophylla Pall. (Hou et al, 2020), which significantly suppress lipopolysaccharide‐induced production of NO and show stronger inhibitory activity than the clinically used drug aspirin or indometacin (Hou et al, 2020; Wang, Xu, Jiang, & Zhang, 2013). In addition, LC–MS analysis couples with bioassay‐codirected separation of G. macrophylla led to the isolation of 2‐methoxyanofinic acid (MAA) with anti‐ Canidia albicans and anti‐ Cladosporium cucumerinum effects (Tan et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new and effective evaluation method for Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae herbs based on 2‐phenylethyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside, 2‐methoxyanofinic acid and gentioxepine by UPLC–QTOF–MS exploring and HPLC–DAD quantification

Liu

Zhao

Huang

et al. 2020

Biomedical Chromatography

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Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae (RGM) is a traditional Chinese medicine belonging to the Gentiana genus and including four species of herbs. Owing to the lack of characteristic constituents, it is difficult to discriminate RGMs of different origins or even differentiate between herbs in the same genus. The current research aimed to explore the characteristic aromatic compounds, verify their significance in distinguishing different origins of RGM herbs and provide a simple and effective quality evaluation method. A selective extraction method was developed for noniridoid compounds and the extract was then subjected to UPLC–QTOF–MS analysis to obtain the RGM–MS ion pair database for noniridoid components. An HPLC–DAD quantitative analysis method was further developed based on characteristic aromatic compounds (2‐phenylethyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside, 2‐methoxyanofinic acid and gentioxepine) after the ion screening in the MS database. By means of principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis analysis, the significant relationship between aromatic compounds contents and different species of RGM was revealed. As a result, the significance of 2‐phenylethyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside, 2‐methoxyanofinic acid and gentioxepine in distinguishing four species of RGM herbs was verified and a sensitive and reproducible HPLC–DAD method was established using these markers, which can be used for the classification and quantitative analysis of RGMs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new and effective evaluation method for Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae herbs based on 2‐phenylethyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside, 2‐methoxyanofinic acid and gentioxepine by UPLC–QTOF–MS exploring and HPLC–DAD quantification

Liu

Zhao

Huang

et al. 2020

Biomedical Chromatography

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“…Additionally, samples from the G. squarrosa (11) could be distinguished from those of the The samples of G. lawrencei var. farreri (4), G. rhodantha (15), and G. striata (16) were both located in the middle of the PC1 and PC2 axes. Most of the samples of G. squarrosa (11) were significantly different from other species and they were located on the negative side of PC1 and PC2.…”

Section: Exploratory Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until now, more than 500 secondary metabolites have been isolated from approximately 60 species [2]. Those compounds, including iridoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other types of secondary metabolites [2,14,15]. Gentiana species have different therapeutic properties and medicinal functions because of the complicated chemical profiles [2,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of Gentiana and Its Related Species Using IR Spectroscopy Combined with Feature Selection and Stacked Generalization

Shen

Wang

2020

Molecules

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Gentiana, which is one of the largest genera of Gentianoideae, most of which had potential pharmaceutical value, and applied to local traditional medical treatment. Because of the phytochemical diversity and difference of bioactive compounds among species, which makes it crucial to accurately identify authentic Gentiana species. In this paper, the feasibility of using the infrared spectroscopy technique combined with chemometrics analysis to identify Gentiana and its related species was studied. A total of 180 batches of raw spectral fingerprints were obtained from 18 species of Gentiana and Tripterospermum by near-infrared (NIR: 10,000–4000 cm−1) and Fourier transform mid-infrared (MIR: 4000–600 cm−1) spectrum. Firstly, principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to explore the natural grouping of the 180 samples. Secondly, random forests (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) models were built while using full spectra (including 1487 NIR variables and 1214 FT-MIR variables, respectively). The MIR-SVM model had a higher classification accuracy rate than the other models that were based on the results of the calibration sets and prediction sets. The five feature selection strategies, VIP (variable importance in the projection), Boruta, GARF (genetic algorithm combined with random forest), GASVM (genetic algorithm combined with support vector machine), and Venn diagram calculation, were used to reduce the dimensions of the data variable in order to further reduce numbers of variables for modeling. Finally, 101 NIR and 73 FT-MIR bands were selected as the feature variables, respectively. Thirdly, stacking models were built based on the optimal spectral dataset. Most of the stacking models performed better than the full spectra-based models. RF and SVM (as base learners), combined with the SVM meta-classifier, was the optimal stacked generalization strategy. For the SG-Ven-MIR-SVM model, the accuracy (ACC) of the calibration set and validation set were both 100%. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), efficiency (EFF), Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), and Cohen’s kappa coefficient (K) were all 1, which showed that the model had the optimal authenticity identification performance. Those parameters indicated that stacked generalization combined with feature selection is probably an important technique for improving the classification model predictive accuracy and avoid overfitting. The study result can provide a valuable reference for the safety and effectiveness of the clinical application of medicinal Gentiana.

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A simple and sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the determination of loganic acid in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetic analysis

Wang,

Zou,

Han

et al. 2024

Biomedical Chromatography

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Loganic acid is an iridoid compound extracted from Gentianaceae plant Gentiana macrophylla Pall. It can effectively inhibit inflammation and tumor migration and has antioxidant activity. In this paper, we establish a simple, fast, sensitive and validated LC–MS method with the purpose of quantification of loganic acid in rat plasma with gliclazide as an internal standard (IS). Methanol was used to precipitate the protein in the plasma sample, and a C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) was used for the separation of the target compound. Meanwhile, 0.1% formic acid water–methanol was employed as the mobile phase. Multiple reaction monitoring detection mode was adopted in detection with m/z 375.1 > 213.2 for loganic acid and m/z 322.1 > 169.9 for the IS, respectively, in negative ion scan mode. The linear range of calibration curve was 5.77–11,540.00 ng/ml, and the lower limit of detedtion was 2.89 ng/ml. The inter‐day and intra‐day precision and accuracy were <15% for lower limit of quantitation, low, middle and high quality control samples. This method was successfully used for the pharmacokinetic study of loganic acid in rat plasma at a dose range of 50–150 mg/kg for oral administration and 2 mg/kg for intravenous administration. The pharmacokinetic results showed that the oral bioavailability of loganic acid was low (2.71–5.58%).

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Seven new chemical constituents from the roots of Gentiana macrophylla pall

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

A new and effective evaluation method for Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae herbs based on 2‐phenylethyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside, 2‐methoxyanofinic acid and gentioxepine by UPLC–QTOF–MS exploring and HPLC–DAD quantification

A new and effective evaluation method for Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae herbs based on 2‐phenylethyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside, 2‐methoxyanofinic acid and gentioxepine by UPLC–QTOF–MS exploring and HPLC–DAD quantification

Discrimination of Gentiana and Its Related Species Using IR Spectroscopy Combined with Feature Selection and Stacked Generalization

A simple and sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the determination of loganic acid in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetic analysis

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