Seven Reasons to Care About Racism and COVID-19 and Seven Things to Do to Stop It

Gee, Gilbert C.; Ro, Marguerite; Rimoin, Anne W.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2020.305712

Cited by 51 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This study finding aligns with reports from the FBI, newspapers, and other commentaries about a rise in anti-Asian hate crimes during the same period [ 3 ]. Our results are also consistent with a recent study using Project Implicit data and finding that Implicit Americanness Bias—or the subconscious belief that European American individuals are more “American” than Asian American individuals—declined steadily from 2007 through early 2020 but reversed trend and began to increase on 8 March, following the increase in stigmatizing language related to COVID-19 [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Recent reports [ 1 , 2 ] have noted a rise in prejudicial attitudes and discrimination against Asian Americans in the United States in relation to COVID-19 [ 3 ]. For example 1843 incidents of discrimination and harassment against Asians were reported to Stop Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) Hate between 19 March 2020 and 13 May 2020 [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring U.S. Shifts in Anti-Asian Sentiment with the Emergence of COVID-19

Nguyen

Criss

Dwivedi

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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136

120

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Background: Anecdotal reports suggest a rise in anti-Asian racial attitudes and discrimination in response to COVID-19. Racism can have significant social, economic, and health impacts, but there has been little systematic investigation of increases in anti-Asian prejudice. Methods: We utilized Twitter’s Streaming Application Programming Interface (API) to collect 3,377,295 U.S. race-related tweets from November 2019–June 2020. Sentiment analysis was performed using support vector machine (SVM), a supervised machine learning model. Accuracy for identifying negative sentiments, comparing the machine learning model to manually labeled tweets was 91%. We investigated changes in racial sentiment before and following the emergence of COVID-19. Results: The proportion of negative tweets referencing Asians increased by 68.4% (from 9.79% in November to 16.49% in March). In contrast, the proportion of negative tweets referencing other racial/ethnic minorities (Blacks and Latinx) remained relatively stable during this time period, declining less than 1% for tweets referencing Blacks and increasing by 2% for tweets referencing Latinx. Common themes that emerged during the content analysis of a random subsample of 3300 tweets included: racism and blame (20%), anti-racism (20%), and daily life impact (27%). Conclusion: Social media data can be used to provide timely information to investigate shifts in area-level racial sentiment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring U.S. Shifts in Anti-Asian Sentiment with the Emergence of COVID-19

Nguyen

Criss

Dwivedi

et al. 2020

IJERPH

Self Cite

136

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…7 8 In the case of COVID-19, a growing number of commentaries underscore the potential role of societal inequalities in contributing to community-based disparities. 9–11 The ranks of essential and front-line workers, which disproportionately consist of members of racial/ethnic minority groups, are among the most well-cited concerns. 12 Unequal representation in these ‘telecommute unfriendly’ occupations is frequently proposed as the key factor in contributing to higher prevalence of COVID-19 in minority communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unequal burdens: assessing the determinants of elevated COVID-19 case and death rates in New York City’s racial/ethnic minority neighbourhoods

Phuong

Frank

2020

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundThe disproportionate burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on racial/ethnic minority communities has revealed glaring inequities. However, multivariate empirical studies investigating its determinants are still limited. We document variation in COVID-19 case and death rates across different racial/ethnic neighbourhoods in New York City (NYC), the initial epicentre of the U.S. coronavirus outbreak, and conduct a multivariate ecological analysis investigating how various neighbourhood characteristics might explain any observed disparities.MethodsUsing ZIP-code-level COVID-19 case and death data from the NYC Department of Health, demographic and socioeconomic data from the American Community Survey and health data from the Centers for Disease Control’s 500 Cities Project, we estimated a series of negative binomial regression models to assess the relationship between neighbourhood racial/ethnic composition (majority non-Hispanic White, majority Black, majority Hispanic and Other-type), neighbourhood poverty, affluence, proportion of essential workers, proportion with pre-existing health conditions and neighbourhood COVID-19 case and death rates.ResultsCOVID-19 case and death rates for majority Black, Hispanic and Other-type minority communities are between 24% and 110% higher than those in majority White communities. Elevated case rates are completely accounted for by the larger presence of essential workers in minority communities but excess deaths in Black neighbourhoods remain unexplained in the final model.ConclusionsThe unequal COVID-19 case burden borne by NYC’s minority communities is closely tied to their representation among the ranks of essential workers. Higher levels of pre-existing health conditions are not a sufficient explanation for the elevated mortality burden observed in Black communities.

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“…50 It is incumbent upon healthcare and governmental leaders to combat the spread of hate and racism that has been exacerbated by COVID-19, and to prevent the advent of scapegoating and fear mongering that will only serve to propagate the rapidly emerging disparities among ethnic groups. 51…”

Section: Other Impacts Of Covid-19-discrimination and Xenophobiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders in COVID-19: Emerging Disparities Amid Discrimination

et al. 2020

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. In the USA, the burden of mortality and morbidity has fallen on minority populations. The understanding of the impact of this pandemic has been limited in Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs), though disaggregated data suggest disproportionately high mortality rates. AAPIs are at high risk for COVID-19 transmission, in part due to their over-representation in the essential workforce, but also due to cultural factors, such as intergenerational residency, and other social determinants of health, including poverty and lack of health insurance. Some AAPI subgroups also report a high comorbidity burden, which may increase their susceptibility to more severe COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, AAPIs have encountered rising xenophobia and racism across the country, and we fear such discrimination only serves to exacerbate these rapidly emerging disparities in this community. We recommend interventions including disaggregation of mortality and morbidity data, investment in community-based healthcare, advocacy against discrimination and the use of non-inflammatory language, and a continued emphasis on underlying comorbidities, to ensure the protection of vulnerable communities and the navigation of this current crisis.

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Seven Reasons to Care About Racism and COVID-19 and Seven Things to Do to Stop It

Cited by 51 publications

References 4 publications

Exploring U.S. Shifts in Anti-Asian Sentiment with the Emergence of COVID-19

Exploring U.S. Shifts in Anti-Asian Sentiment with the Emergence of COVID-19

Unequal burdens: assessing the determinants of elevated COVID-19 case and death rates in New York City’s racial/ethnic minority neighbourhoods

Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders in COVID-19: Emerging Disparities Amid Discrimination

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