Several hemicyanine dyes as fluorescence chemosensors for cyanide anions

A Novel Thiophene-Based Fluorescent Chemosensor for the Detection of Zn2+ and CN−: Imaging Applications in Live Cells and Zebrafish

“…Its toxicity induces the susceptibility of binding to iron ion in metalloprotein cytochrome oxidase, blocking the electron transfer chain in mitochondria [22][23][24]. Moreover, high levels of cyanide can cause convulsions, vomiting, loss of consciousness, and ultimately death [25,26]. Thus, it is essential to develop an effective sensing tool to recognize the cyanide level in living organisms and environments [27,28].…”

“…Sensors 2019, 19 vomiting, loss of consciousness, and ultimately death [25,26]. Thus, it is essential to develop an effective sensing tool to recognize the cyanide level in living organisms and environments [27,28].…”

Chemosensors based on N-heterocyclic dyes: advances in sensing highly toxic ions such as CN− and Hg2+

“…16a). 71 Alternatively, Jing-Han Hu and co-workers synthesized a uorometric sensor bearing 3-hydroxipyridine and rhodamine B moieties (probe 42), which follows strategy II of cyanide sensing by deprotonation of the OH group in 42. 72 This was conrmed via 1 H NMR studies; in contrast, the OH group signal at 11.08 ppm disappeared aer the successive CN À addition.…”

“…16b). 71 Around the same time, Zheng Li et al 73 synthesized a chromogenic probe (compound 43), in which the sensing route indicated that the cyanide deprotonates not only the OH group from the phenol ring but also the hydrazide hydrogen due to the highly basic character of this anion (Fig. 16c).…”

“…Notably, some of these probes possess N -methylpyridinium salts in their receptor unit. In this regard, Yongxiao Xu et al 71 synthesized four dyes, which were proven to have different mechanisms of action for the detection of CN − (probes 38 to 41, Fig. 16a ).…”