Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 invasion in the central nervous system: a host-virus deadlock

Abstract

the SArS-CoV-2 devastation on the Center Nervous System (CNS) is ascertained by the present clinical findings and the noticeable signs and symptoms. the CNS involvement of the virus is not trivial; something considered the most destructive potential of the virus as the brain evolves into a highly protective structure. different possible routes with favorable mechanisms are used by the virus to have a successful entry. then, the SArS-CoV-2 invasion illustrates a mechanism of both the innate and adaptive immune response to control virus replication and removal from the CNS tissues. the cytokine storm and autoimmune response during the immunological events result in demyelination, damage of residence cells and neurons, cerebrovascular thrombosis, and dysregulation of neuro signaling pathways. Furthermore, hypoxia and toxemia accelerate the neurological destruction process. the acute attributions on psychology due to inflammation is a hallmark of CNS involved pathogenesis; nevertheless, the productivity, durability, and longevity of virus-specific lymphocytes are the vital indicators for complete removal of viral antigen and to combat in reinfection in the CNS.

Assessment of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on COVID-19-Associated Risk Reduction

“…Nevertheless, recent pooled evidence has consistently reported that chronic diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease have an association with the severity among COVID-19 patients (Baral et al 2021). So, polyunsaturated fatty acids may have an essential role in lessening the risk of these comorbidities and improving the health of COVID-19 positive cases (Asher et al 2021).…”

Central nervous system autoimmune diseases associated with COVID-19: Comprehensive review

“…While previous studies suggested that corticostreids should be prescribed with caution in this patients, recent investigations revealed that these patients should receive corticosteroids due to possible benefits (82)(83)(84). These patients could be administered with intravenous human immunoglobulins (IVIG), plasma exchange (PLEX), and immunotherapy if possible (85). Based on Vaschetto et al study, IVIG and thereafter prescription of methylprednisolone improved cerebral nervous system vasculitis in a COVID-19 patient (13).…”

Acute Cerebellitis and Myeloradiculitis Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Common Variable Immunodeficiency—A Case Report

“…8 In the central nervous system (CNS), the removal of the virus from the tissues by the innate and adaptative immune responses could result in neurological damage. 9 The innate immune system has been shown to have a major role in the acute phase of infection. Namely, immune effector cells have been shown to release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, a cocktail that potentiates further systemic inflammation and may ultimately culminate into a cytokine storm.…”