Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vertical Transmission in Neonates Born to Mothers With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia

Hu, Xiaojing; Gao, Jing; Luo, X. G.; Ling, Feng; Liu, W.; Chen, J.; Benachi, Alexandra; Luca, Daniela Di; Chen, L.

doi:10.1097/01.aoa.0000732572.03502.ef

Cited by 16 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…This is concordant with the other published case series, although Alzamora et al reported one case of a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR swab in a neonate born by caesarean section from a severely ill mother [5]. Hu et al also reported one neonate positive for SARS-CoV-2, born by caesarean section from a woman with mild symptoms with a negative amniotic fluid SARS-CoV-2 PCR [6]. Two other case reports raise concerns about vertical transmission based on the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies in two neonates born from mothers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1,2].…”

Section: To the Editorsupporting

confidence: 88%

Vertical transmission and materno-fetal outcomes in 13 patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Masmejan

Pomar

Favre

et al. 2020

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Section: To the Editorsupporting

confidence: 88%

Vertical transmission and materno-fetal outcomes in 13 patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Masmejan

Pomar

Favre

et al. 2020

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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“…Four studies evaluated the placenta for infectious pathology 27,29,30,54,80,91 . Twenty‐five percentage of these reports documented neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection 75,77,94,100‐105,109 . One case series described positive neonatal RT‐PCR at 36 hours postpartum although amniotic fluid RT‐PCR was negative 100 .…”

Section: What Do We Know About Mother‐to‐child‐transmission Of Sars‐cov‐2?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty‐five percentage of these reports documented neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection 75,77,94,100‐105,109 . One case series described positive neonatal RT‐PCR at 36 hours postpartum although amniotic fluid RT‐PCR was negative 100 . Reports from Italy, Peru and Iran attributed neonatal infection to horizontal transmission from RT‐PCR positive mothers via breastfeeding without masks (respiratory droplets) and vaginal delivery (exposure to genital secretions) 101‐103 due to maternal seroconversion a few days postpartum.…”

Section: What Do We Know About Mother‐to‐child‐transmission Of Sars‐cov‐2?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and evidence of vertical transmission of infections in pregnancy including SARS‐CoV‐2s

et al. 2020

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There remain unanswered questions concerning mother-to-child-transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Despite reports of neonatal COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 has not been consistently isolated in perinatal samples, thus definitive proof of transplacental infection is still lacking. To address these questions, we assessed investigative tools used to confirm maternal-fetal infection and known protective mechanisms of the placental barrier that prevent transplacental pathogen migration. Forty studies of COVID-19 pregnancies reviewed suggest a lack of consensus on diagnostic strategy for congenital infection. Although real-time polymerase chain reaction of neonatal swabs was universally performed, a wide range of clinical samples was screened including vaginal secretions (22.5%), amniotic fluid (35%), breast milk (22.5%) and umbilical cord blood. Neonatal COVID-19 was reported in eight studies, two of which were based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgM in neonatal blood. Histological examination demonstrated sparse viral particles, vascular malperfusion and inflammation in the placenta from pregnant women with COVID-19. The paucity of placental coexpression of ACE-2 and TMPRSS2, two receptors involved in cytoplasmic entry of SARS-CoV-2, may explain its relative insensitivity to transplacental infection. Viral interactions may utilise membrane receptors other than ACE-2 thus, tissue susceptibility may be broader than currently known. Further spatial-temporal studies are needed to determine the true potential for transplacental migration.

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“…A study finds that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in placental and fetal membrane sample, however, none of infants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the first 5 days of life (107). In another study, seven neonates are tested within the first 24-36 h of life and only one has positive result (108). Although a neonate was diagnosed with COVID-19 36 h after birth, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in the placenta and cord blood (109).…”

Section: Transmission Modelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Original Hosts, Clinical Features, Transmission Routes, and Vaccine Development for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

Kang

Peng

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to public concern worldwide. Although a variety of hypotheses about the hosts of SARS-CoV-2 have been proposed, an exact conclusion has not yet been reached. Initial clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19 are similar to those of other acute respiratory infections, leading to misdiagnoses and resulting in the outbreak at the early stage. SARS-CoV-2 is predominantly spread by droplet transmission and close contact; the possibilities of fecal–oral, vertical, and aerosol transmission have not yet been fully confirmed or rejected. Besides, COVID-19 cases have been reported within communities, households, and nosocomial settings through contact with confirmed COVID-19 patients or asymptomatic individuals. Environmental contamination is also a major driver for the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the absence of specific treatment for COVID-19, it is urgent to decrease the risk of transmission and take preventive measures to control the spread of the virus. In this review, we summarize the latest available data on the potential hosts, entry receptors, clinical features, and risk factors of COVID-19 and transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2, and we present the data about development of vaccines.

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vertical Transmission in Neonates Born to Mothers With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Vertical transmission and materno-fetal outcomes in 13 patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Vertical transmission and materno-fetal outcomes in 13 patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Mechanisms and evidence of vertical transmission of infections in pregnancy including SARS‐CoV‐2s

Original Hosts, Clinical Features, Transmission Routes, and Vaccine Development for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

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