Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Outbreak Related to a Nightclub, Germany, 2020

Müller, Nadine; Kunze, Mareike; Steitz, Fabienne; Saad, Neil J.; Mühlemann, Barbara; Beheim-Schwarzbach, Jörn; Schneider, Julia; Drosten, Christian; Murajda, Lukáš; Kochs, Sandra; Ruscher, Claudia; Walter, Jan; Zeitlmann, Nadine; Corman, Victor M.

doi:10.3201/eid2702.204443

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A nightclub was implicated as an important transmission event at the start of term and again prior to lockdown. This corroborates previous studies identifying such venues as a risk factor for substantial SARS-CoV-2 transmission 15,16 . We urge a cautious approach to access of such venues during a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, particularly in the context of a young susceptible student population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in a UK university identifies dynamics of transmission

Aggarwal

Warne²,

Jahun³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Understanding the drivers for spread of SARS-CoV-2 in higher education settings is important to limit transmission between students, and onward spread into at-risk populations. In this study, we prospectively sequenced 482 SARS-CoV-2 isolates derived from asymptomatic student screening and symptomatic testing of students and staff at the University of Cambridge from 5 October to 6 December 2020. We performed a detailed phylogenetic comparison with 972 isolates from the surrounding community, complemented with epidemiological and contact tracing data, to determine transmission dynamics. After a limited number of viral introductions into the university, the majority of student cases were linked to a single genetic cluster, likely dispersed across the university following social gatherings at a venue outside the university. We identified considerable onward transmission associated with student accommodation and courses; this was effectively contained using local infection control measures and dramatically reduced following a national lockdown. We observed that transmission clusters were largely segregated within the university or within the community. This study highlights key determinants of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and effective interventions in a higher education setting that will inform public health policy during pandemics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in a UK university identifies dynamics of transmission

Aggarwal

Warne²,

Jahun³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In combating overdispersed SARS-CoV-2 transmission, rapid detection and isolation of highly infectious individuals is a primary goal ( 8 , 9 , 45 – 49 ). In our investigation the Standard Q RADT was able to reliably detect high RNA loads, as well as all culture-positive samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Rapid Antigen Test To Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Identify Potentially Infectious Individuals

et al. 2021

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The identification and isolation of highly infectious SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals is an important public health strategy. Rapid antigen detection tests (RADT) are promising candidates for large-scale screenings due to timely results and feasibility for on-site testing. Nonetheless, the diagnostic performance of RADT in detecting infectious individuals is yet to be fully determined. In this study, RT-qPCR and virus culture of RT-qPCR positive samples were used to evaluate and compare the performance of the Standard Q COVID-19 Ag Test in detecting SARS-CoV-2 infected and possibly infectious individuals. To this end, two combined oro- and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at a routine SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic center. A total of 2,028 samples were tested and 118 virus cultures inoculated. SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected in 210 samples by RT-qPCR, representing a positive rate of 10.36%. The Standard Q COVID-19 Ag Test yielded a positive result in 92 (4.54%) samples resulting in an overall sensitivity and specificity of 42.86% and 99.89%. For adjusted Ct values <20 (n=14), <25 (n=57), and <30 (n=88) the RADT reached sensitivities of 100%, 98.25%, and 88.64%, respectively. All 29 culture positive samples were detected by RADT. While overall sensitivity was low, Standard Q COVID-19 RADT reliably detected patients with high RNA loads. Additionally, negative RADT results fully corresponded with the lack of viral cultivability in Vero E6 cells. These results indicate that RADT can be a valuable tool for the detection of individuals that are likely to transmit SARS-CoV-2. RADT testing could therefore guide public health testing strategies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…In combating overdispersed SARS-CoV-2 transmission, rapid detection and isolation of highly infectious individuals is a primary goal (8,9,(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). In our investigation the Standard Q RADT was able to reliably detect high viral load as well as all culture positive samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity by a Rapid Antigen Detection Test

Korenkov

Poopalasingam

Madler

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The identification and isolation of highly infectious SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals is an important public health strategy. Rapid antigen detection tests (RADT) are promising candidates for large-scale screenings due to timely results and feasibility for on-site testing. Nonetheless, the diagnostic performance of RADT in detecting infectious individuals is yet to be fully determined. Two combined oro- and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from individuals at a routine SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic center. Side-by-side evaluations of RT-qPCR and RADT as well as live virus cultures of positive samples were performed to determine the sensitivity of the Standard Q COVID-19 Ag Test (SD Biosensor/Roche) in detecting SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with cultivable virus. A total of 2,028 samples were tested and 118 virus cultures inoculated. SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected in 210 samples by RT-qPCR, representing a positive rate of 10.36%. The Standard Q COVID-19 Ag Test yielded a positive result in 92 (4.54%) samples resulting in an overall sensitivity and specificity of 42.86% and 99.89%. For adjusted Ct values <20, <25, and <30 the RADT reached sensitivities of 100%, 98.15%, and 88.64%, respectively. All 29 culture positive samples were detected by RADT. While overall sensitivity was low, Standard Q COVID-19 RADT reliably detected patients with high RNA loads. Additionally, negative RADT results fully corresponded with the lack of viral cultivability in Vero E6 cells. These results indicate that RADT can be a valuable tool for the detection of individuals that are likely to transmit SARS-CoV-2. RADT testing could therefore guide public health testing strategies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Outbreak Related to a Nightclub, Germany, 2020

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in a UK university identifies dynamics of transmission

Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in a UK university identifies dynamics of transmission

Evaluation of a Rapid Antigen Test To Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Identify Potentially Infectious Individuals

Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity by a Rapid Antigen Detection Test

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