Severe hyperprolactinaemia is associated with decreased insulin binding in vitro and insulin resistance in vivo

Schernthaner, Guntram; Prager, Rudolf; Punzengruber, Christian; Luger, Anton

doi:10.1007/bf00273860

Cited by 73 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…According to other studies, IR in patients with hyperprolactinaemia is not associated with obesity nor with anthropometric parameters such as fat content, waist circumference, and bod mass index (BMI) [50]. Among humans the mechanism responsible for tissue IR in severe hyperprolactinaemia seems to be, at least in part, downregulation of insulin receptors [51]. The results of various studies suggest that in humans the effects of PRL may be complex or may vary depending on different conditions.…”

Section: Experimental Evidence Of the Relationship Between Hyperprola...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Hyperprolactinemia and insulin resistance

et al. 2022

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This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, allowing to download articles and share them with others as long as they credit the authors and the publisher, but without permission to change them in any way or use them commercially lactinemia, and then combinations with other phrases: pathology, prevalence, and other diseases: metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The references included in previously published review articles were also checked, and any relevant papers were included. Insulin resistanceInsulin metabolically affects excretion and regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins through a specific low-membrane receptor, which is present on the surface of hepatocytes, adipocytes, and striated muscle cells [5][6][7]. Insulin stimulates the reduction of glucose, free fatty acids, and ketone levels [8]. The activity of insulin is also influenced by many hormones; (e.g. the growth hormone, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, catecholamines, androgens, parathyroid hormone, aldosterone, glucagon, or somatostatin, which acting antagonistically and reduce the activity of insulin) [9,10]. This leads to disturbances in the carbohydrate metabolism and an increase in IR in the pre-receptor, receptor, and post-receptor mechanisms [11]. In addition to the genetically determined

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Section: Experimental Evidence Of the Relationship Between Hyperprola...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Hyperprolactinemia and insulin resistance

et al. 2022

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“…Hypogonadism, particularly androgen deficiency, may further contribute to the development of the metabolic syndrome in hyperprolactinemia. It also acts peripherally, inducing insulin resistance [ 58 , 59 ] and dyslipidaemia [ 60 ]. Dissatisfaction with body composition and appearance may affect mood and QOL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of life in Prolactinoma: A systematic review

Castle-Kirszbaum,

Biermasz,

Kam

et al. 2024

Pituitary

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Background Prolactinomas are common tumours that significantly reduce quality-of-life (QOL) due to sellar mass effect, secondary hypogonadism, and the peripheral effects of prolactin. Understanding the factors that influence QOL would provide insights into therapeutic targets to optimise patient outcomes and improve wellbeing in prolactinoma. Methods A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Studies that reported patient QoL using validated metrics were included. Bias and methodological rigour were assessed using the MINORS criteria. Results A total of 18 studies were identified studies were available for review, comprising 877 patients. Most were small cross-sectional studies at high risk of bias. Prolactinoma exhibit worse QOL than healthy controls, particularly mental and psychosocial wellbeing. QOL is also worse than patients with non-functional adenomas, but better than those with Cushing’s disease and acromegaly. QOL correlates with prolactin levels, and approaches population baseline with prolonged biochemical control. Dopamine agonists and surgery both improve overall QOL, however improvements are more rapid with surgery. Conclusion Poor quality of life in prolactinoma is multifactorial, related to biochemical control, side effects of therapy, and sellar mass effect. Targeting persistent symptoms, reducing healthcare costs, and reducing side-effects of therapy are avenues to improving QOL in patients with prolactinoma.

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“…32 It has been suggested that PRL also plays a role in modulating insulin sensitivity at adipose tissue by the regulation of adipose tissue markers, such as PPAR-γ, ADIPOQ and GLUT4. 33 However, both very high or low PRL levels impair βcell insulin-secretory capacity and insulin sensitivity, 21 inducing a downregulation of insulin receptors in case of severe hyperprolactinemia, 34 or resulting in visceral adipocyte hypertrophy when PRL levels are below the normal range. 35 In both cases, these mechanisms may lead to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.…”

Section: Prolactin Effects On Pancreatic β-Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin effects on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus

Scairati,

Auriemma,

Del Vecchio

et al. 2024

Eur J Clin Investigation

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BackgroundProlactin (PRL) is a pituitary hormone promoting lactation in response to the suckling reflex. Beyond its well‐known effects, novel tissue‐specific and metabolic functions of PRL are emerging.AimsTo dissect PRL as a critical mediator of whole‐body gluco‐insulinemic sensitivity.MethodsPubMed‐based search with the following terms ‘prolactin’, ‘glucose metabolism’, ‘type 2 diabetes mellitus’, ‘type 1 diabetes mellitus’, ‘gestational diabetes mellitus’ was performed.DiscussionThe identification of the PRL‐glucose metabolism network poses the basis for unprecedented avenues of research in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2, as well as of gestational diabetes. In this regard, it is of timely relevance to define properly the homeostatic PRL serum levels since glucose metabolism could be influenced by the circulating amount of the hormone.ResultsThis review underscores the basic mechanisms of regulation of pancreatic β‐cell functions by PRL and provides a revision of articles which have investigated the connection between PRL unbalancing and diabetes mellitus. Future studies are needed to elucidate the burden and the role of PRL in the regulation of glucose metabolism and determine the specific PRL threshold that may impact the management of diabetes.ConclusionA careful evaluation and context‐driven interpretation of PRL levels (e.g., pregnancy, PRL‐secreting pituitary adenomas, drug‐related hyper‐ and hypoprolactinemia) could be critical for the correct screening and management of glucometabolic disorders, such as type 1 or 2 as well as gestational diabetes mellitus.

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Severe hyperprolactinaemia is associated with decreased insulin binding in vitro and insulin resistance in vivo

Cited by 73 publications

References 22 publications

Hyperprolactinemia and insulin resistance

Hyperprolactinemia and insulin resistance

Quality of life in Prolactinoma: A systematic review

Prolactin effects on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus

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