Severe neutrophilic leukocytosis as a progression marker in granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐producing squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Yamaguchi, Shun; Kanetaka, Kengo; Kobayashi, Shinichiro; Nagata, Yasunobu; Kinosita, N.; Fukuoka, Junya; Murakami, Sakae; Fujita, Fumihiko; Takatsuki, Mitsuhisa; Eguchi, Susumu

doi:10.1002/ccr3.908

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Two cases and one case of G-CSF-producing gastric cancer were histologically diagnosed as adenosquamous carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma, respectively. Among the 21 described cases, neutrophil infiltration in the tumor was observed in only two cases of G-CSF-producing esophageal cancer (16,25). However, no specific morphological features were found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rapid progression of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing liver tumor metastasized from esophagogastric junction cancer: A case report and literature review

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The current study presents the case of a 72-year-old woman with a rapidly enlarged liver metastasis from esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer, accompanied by progressive leukocytosis (47,680/µl) and elevated serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; 779 pg/ml). The patient underwent right hemihepatectomy 26 months after a total gastrectomy. On the seventh post-operative day the patient's leukocyte count and serum G-CSF level decreased to 4,280/µl and ≤19.5 pg/ml, respectively. Histologically, the lesion was a well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma similar to the primary lesion. Therefore, this tumor was clinically diagnosed as a G-CSF-producing liver metastasis from EGJ cancer, although immunohistochemical staining for G-CSF was negative. A right pulmonary nodule detected simultaneously with the hepatic mass was resected four months following the hepatectomy and was diagnosed as a pulmonary metastasis. The patient's leukocyte count was normal at the time of her initial surgery for EGJ cancer, and her clinical course varied for different metastatic sites. The liver metastasis was accompanied by progressive leukocytosis and elevated serum G-CSF and demonstrated rapid tumor growth during a six-month period, whereas the non-G-CSF-producing pulmonary metastasis grew slowly during the same period. In addition 21 reported cases of G-CSF-producing upper gastrointestinal tract cancer were reviewed to elucidate the clinicopathological features of this disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rapid progression of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing liver tumor metastasized from esophagogastric junction cancer: A case report and literature review

et al. 2018

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“…Increasing evidence has indicated that some types of established cancers may actually accelerate the process of myelopoiesis, resulting in moderate, or even profound, leukocytosis, characterized by increased numbers of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow, blood and spleen [25][26][27][28][29]. In this setting, accelerated myelopoiesis appears to result from the production of bone marrow-stimulating growth factors by tumor cells, most notably the cytokines granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) [30][31][32][33][34][35]. In this context, it is noteworthy that an increased circulating neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR, defined as the absolute circulating neutrophil count divided by the lymphocyte count) is widely regarded as being a negative prognostic indicator in many, but not all, types of cancer reviewed in [36].…”

Section: Recruitment and Exploitation Of Neutrophils By Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Neutrophil in the Pathogenesis of Advanced Cancer and Impaired Responsiveness to Therapy

et al. 2020

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Notwithstanding the well-recognized involvement of chronic neutrophilic inflammation in the initiation phase of many types of epithelial cancers, a growing body of evidence has also implicated these cells in the pathogenesis of the later phases of cancer development, specifically progression and spread. In this setting, established tumors have a propensity to induce myelopoiesis and to recruit neutrophils to the tumor microenvironment (TME), where these cells undergo reprogramming and transitioning to myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) with a pro-tumorigenic phenotype. In the TME, these MDSCs, via the production of a broad range of mediators, not only attenuate the anti-tumor activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, but also exclude these cells from the TME. Realization of the pro-tumorigenic activities of MDSCs of neutrophilic origin has resulted in the development of a range of adjunctive strategies targeting the recruitment of these cells and/or the harmful activities of their mediators of immunosuppression. Most of these are in the pre-clinical or very early clinical stages of evaluation. Notable exceptions, however, are several pharmacologic, allosteric inhibitors of neutrophil/MDSC CXCR1/2 receptors. These agents have entered late-stage clinical assessment as adjuncts to either chemotherapy or inhibitory immune checkpoint-targeted therapy in patients with various types of advanced malignancy. The current review updates the origins and identities of MDSCs of neutrophilic origin and their spectrum of immunosuppressive mediators, as well as current and pipeline MDSC-targeted strategies as potential adjuncts to cancer therapies. These sections are preceded by a consideration of the carcinogenic potential of neutrophils.

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“…A review of the medical literature in English revealed 19 case reports associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [ Table 1] [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. All the cases have occurred in Japan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukocytosis Associated with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma as a Predictor of Poor Prognosis - A Case Report and Review of Literature

Jayarangaiah¹,

Kariyanna²,

Chokshi³

et al. 2020

AJMCR

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Leukocytosis, specifically granulocytosis in malignancy is a common finding with various etiologies. Graulocytosis associated with esophageal cancer has not commonly been reported in case reports in the United States. Furthermore, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) producing tumors have been associated with a variety of cancers. However, G-CSF producing esophageal tumors are rare. The diagnosis is established through serum G-CSF levels and immunohistochemistry staining of tumor cells. Here, we report a case of a 72-year-old woman with persistent granulocytosis leading to the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Although, our case did not report serum G-CSF levels, we strongly suspect it to be the underlying etiology in our case. Additionally, through our missed opportunity, we hope to emphasize and increase awareness of G-CSF producing ESCC.

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Severe neutrophilic leukocytosis as a progression marker in granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐producing squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Rapid progression of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing liver tumor metastasized from esophagogastric junction cancer: A case report and literature review

Rapid progression of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing liver tumor metastasized from esophagogastric junction cancer: A case report and literature review

Role of the Neutrophil in the Pathogenesis of Advanced Cancer and Impaired Responsiveness to Therapy

Leukocytosis Associated with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma as a Predictor of Poor Prognosis - A Case Report and Review of Literature

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