Severe outbreaks of polyarthritis in kids caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri in Sicily

Agnello, Stefano; Chetta, M.; Vicari, Domenico; Mancuso, Robert F.; Manno, Claudia; Puleio, Roberto; Console, A. Dale; Nicholas, R. A. J.; Loria, Guido Ruggero

doi:10.1136/vr.100481

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…General signs, such as weakness, pyrexia, or anorexia, that precede focal localizations often go unnoticed in adults whereas they can rapidly lead to mortality in young animals 48. Arthritis occurs frequently in young animals as a polyarthritis form causing recumbence, especially with Mcc 1,48 and Mmc ,54,55,64,68 but only occasionally in adults, where it causes lameness and swollen joints affecting mainly the tarsus and carpus 6963,69.…”

Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The long persistence of mycoplasmas in clinically CA-infected organs (udders, eyes, respiratory tract) and other biological niches (ear canals) makes the main routes for direct within-herd transmission oral (e.g., colostrum feeding), respiratory (e.g., nasal discharge), and mammary (e.g., kid feeding) 53,54. The environment, without being a sustainable reservoir, may also play an indirect role in transmission through bedding, the milking parlor, shared feeders, and troughs 48.…”

Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Milking practices and devices are thought to play a highly significant role in indirect transmission 11,70,80. Disease transmission between farms frequently occurs with the introduction of asymptomatic carriers 11,44,54. As evidenced in other mycoplasmas infecting cattle,87 reproduction should also be regarded as a route of introduction or transmission, as semen shedding has been largely demonstrated in goats88–94 and appears possible in sheep 95,96…”

Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Italy, for instance, studies have focused mostly on Ma where it is considered as dominant, in Sicily and Sardinia 130103,131,132 whereas Mmc strains were also isolated in goats in Sardinia and Sicily 54,133,134. In 2016, a random Ma survey (PCR on bulk tank milk) conducted in Sardinia in both sheep and goats found relatively low prevalence rates in sheep 4.8% (n=1064 farms) and goats 4.5% (n=66 farms) 135.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contagious Agalactia In Sheep And Goats: Current Perspectives

Jaý¹,

Tardy²

2019

VMRR

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Contagious agalactia (CA) is a disease caused equally by four Mycoplasma species, in single or mixed infections. Clinical signs are multiple, including mastitis, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, pneumonia, and septicemia, non-specific, and expressed differently depending whether sheep or goats are affected, on causative mycoplasmas as well as type of husbandry. CA has been reported worldwide and its geographic distribution maps to that of small ruminant breeding areas. However, as current diagnostic tests are expensive and difficult to implement, it is certainly underdiagnosed and prevalence data are only available for a few countries. CA control relies on vaccines, chemotherapy and good herd management practices. It requires long-term commitment but is often unsuccessful, with frequent clinical relapses. The persistence of the etiological agents, despite their overall susceptibility to antimicrobials, comes from their genetic plasticity and capacity to escape the host immune response. The existence of asymptomatic carriers and the numerous sources of infections contribute to rapid spread of the disease and complicate the control and prevention efforts. Here we review all these aspects in order to highlight recent progress made and identify gaps in knowledge or tools needed for better disease management. Discussion also underlines the detrimental effect of contagious agalactia on small ruminant welfare.

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Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Contagious Agalactia In Sheep And Goats: Current Perspectives

Jaý¹,

Tardy²

2019

VMRR

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“…Outbreaks of rheumatic disease, such as polyarthritis, have been traced to infections by Mycoplasma species [16]. Arthritis in animals caused by Mycoplasma species infections closely resemble the signs and symptoms found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [17].…”

Section: Letter To Editormentioning

confidence: 99%