Severe poisoning after smoking a mixture of 4-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl (4-FiBF) and alpha-pyrolidinoisohexaphenone (α-PiHP)

Zawadzki, Marcin; Wachełko, Olga; Tusiewicz, Kaja; Szpot, Paweł

doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102287

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The same pathway of metabolism was described for the analogue compound α-PHP ( 7 , 8 ). In the present case, the femoral blood concentration of α-PiHP was 2,377 ng/mL, which is much higher than those previously reported ( 3 , 4 ). Relative to histological analyses, whose findings revealed high-grade cerebral edema, brainstem edema, cerebellar edema and hyperemia and focal pulmonary edema and hyperemia, it clearly explains the rapid reaction of the man’s organs and his eventual sudden death.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…The compound is an analogue of the psychotropic substances alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) and alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP). Used alone and in combination with other substances, α-PiHP was the cause of serious poisoning and even death ( 3 , 4 ). The reason for overdosing can be a lack of consumer awareness regarding the composition and concentration of the product because the effect of α-PiHP after oral administration appears following a long delay (30–60 min) when compared to that of α-PHP or α-PVP (2–20 min), which may create a risk of accidental overdose and death as a consequence ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A fatal case of poisoning with a cathinone derivative: α-PiHP and its postmortem distribution in body fluids and organ tissues

Wachholz

Skowronek

Bujak-Giżycka

et al. 2023

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

New psychoactive substances (NPS) continue to appear on the drug market and alpha-pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone (α-PiHP) is one of the most popular cathinone derivatives. In this paper, we report a case of death caused by α-PiHP. Based on the toxicological results of the studied case along with autopsy, histopathological findings and crime-scene information, fatal intoxication with α-PiHP was accepted as the final cause of death. α-PiHP and its metabolite (OH-α-PiHP) were detected and quantified in all post-mortem materials (blood collected from the heart, the femoral vein and the dural venous sinuses, vitreous humour, cerebrospinal fluid, cerebral cortex, brainstem, cerebellum, bile, liver, kidney, heart, pancreas, spleen, thyroid gland, lung, adipose tissue, stomach and intestine). To date, this is the first case of determination of α-PiHP and its metabolite in post-mortem specimens. In our opinion, α-PiHP and its metabolite concentration database can be helpful in the interpretation of fatal cases.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fatal case of poisoning with a cathinone derivative: α-PiHP and its postmortem distribution in body fluids and organ tissues

Wachholz

Skowronek

Bujak-Giżycka

et al. 2023

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hexedrone substitutions within the phenyl ring have resulted in the formation of two derivatives: 4-methylhexedrone formed by substitution at the para position with a methyl group, while the presence of a 3,4-methylenedioxy group resulted in hexylone and its analog, isohexylone, which is distinguished by a branched alkyl side chain. The same branched alkyl side chain can be found in the hexedrone analog isohexedrone, as well as in α-PiHP (4-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one), which has been known since 2016 [ 97 , 98 ]. This popular derivative was the starting point for the formation of additional derivatives (Fig.…”

Section: Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 95%

A review of synthetic cathinones emerging in recent years (2019–2022)

Kuropka¹,

Zawadzki

Szpot

2022

Forensic Toxicol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose The emergence of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) has been being a continuous and evolving problem for more than a decade. Every year, dozens of new, previously unknown drugs appear on the illegal market, posing a significant threat to the health and lives of their users. Synthetic cathinones are one of the most numerous and widespread groups among NPS. The purpose of this work was to identify and summarize available data on newly emerging cathinones in very recent years. Methods Various online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, but also databases of government agencies including those involved in early warning systems, were used in search of reports on the identification of newly emerging synthetic cathinones. In addition, threads on various forums created by users of these drugs were searched for reports on the effects of these new substances. Results We have identified 29 synthetic cathinones that have been detected for the first time from early 2019 to mid-2022. We described their structures, known intoxication symptoms, detected concentrations in biological material in poisoning cases, as well as the countries and dates of their first appearance. Due to the lack of studies on the properties of the novel compounds, we compared data on the pharmacological profiles of the better-known synthetic cathinones with available information on the newly emerged ones. Some of these new agents already posed a threat, as the first cases of poisonings, including fatal ones, have been reported. Conclusions Most of the newly developed synthetic cathinones can be seen as analogs and replacements for once-popular compounds that have been declining in popularity as a result of legislative efforts. Although it appears that some of the newly emerging cathinones are not widely used, they may become more popular in the future and could become a significant threat to health and life. Therefore, it is important to continue developing early warning systems and identifying new compounds so that their widespread can be prevented.

show abstract

“…Within these effects prevail paranoia, hallucinations, agitation, and unconsciousness. Moreover, cardiac effects can be present, such as tachycardia, vasoconstriction and cardiac arrest, muscular effects such as tremors and rhabdomyolysis, or even death, as in the fatal cases mentioned above [24,25,33,34,83]. Comparing the effects on behaviour of α-PiHP and α-PHP administration, it can be deduced that both have very similar locomotor stimulant and discriminative stimulus effects [89,93,94].…”

Section: Adverse Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The man was unresponsive to light, with highly constricted pupils, and had muscle tremors, and the screening test was positive for amphetamines. Alpha-PiHP was identified in both, but in higher concentrations in the man [33]. Wachholz et al carried out an investigation of a man's fatal poisoning with α-PiHP.…”

Section: Current Situationmentioning

confidence: 99%

α-Pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP) and α-Pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone (α-PiHP): A Review

Dinis,

Franco,

Margalho

2024

Life

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

New Psychoactive Substances are currently a serious and growing problem affecting public health worldwide. By 2022, 1184 of these substances had been identified over a period of 16 years. Within these, α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP) and α-pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone (α-PiHP) have emerged, two synthetic cathinones from the pyrovalerone derivates subgroup that are positional isomers of each other. Alpha-PHP appeared on the Japanese illicit drug market in 2014 and, two years later, α-PiHP was identified for the first time in China. They were placed in schedule II on the list of Psychotropic Substances under International Control in 2020 and in March 2023, respectively. Both cathinones have no therapeutic potential for medical use and therefore are abused for recreational habits, which can lead to fatalities. The most frequent adverse effects reported are cardiac, psychiatric, and neurologic, and fatal intoxications have already been described. In Portugal, their consumption and consequent seizures are more prevalent on the archipelagos, which has been aggravating the health situation. In conclusion, these types of substances are a challenge for forensic toxicology since they are easily synthesized, modified, and placed on the market. Therefore, more studies to develop analytical methods to detect them and more comprehensive legislation should be applied. Thus, this review aimed to address the legislative, physicochemical, toxicological, and analytical aspects of both substances.

show abstract

Severe poisoning after smoking a mixture of 4-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl (4-FiBF) and alpha-pyrolidinoisohexaphenone (α-PiHP)

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

A fatal case of poisoning with a cathinone derivative: α-PiHP and its postmortem distribution in body fluids and organ tissues

A fatal case of poisoning with a cathinone derivative: α-PiHP and its postmortem distribution in body fluids and organ tissues

A review of synthetic cathinones emerging in recent years (2019–2022)

α-Pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP) and α-Pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone (α-PiHP): A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About