Severe reduction in growth rate and grain filling of rice mutants lacking OsGS1;1, a cytosolic glutamine synthetase1;1

Tabuchi, Mayumi; Sugiyama, Kenjiro; Ishiyama, Keiki; Inoue, Eri; Satô, Tadashi; Takahashi, Hideki; Yamaya, Tomoyuki

doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02406.x

Cited by 274 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The hypothesis that GS is one of the key steps in the control of cereal productivity was strengthened by a study performed on rice, in which a co-localization of a QTL for the GS1;1 locus and a QTL for one-spikelet weight was identified [183]. As a confirmation, a strong reduction in growth rate and grain yield was observed in rice GS1;1 deficient mutants [184].…”

Section: Deciphering the Genetic Basis Of Nitrogen Use Efficiency In mentioning

confidence: 69%

Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crops for Sustainable Agriculture

et al. 2011

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Abstract:In this review, we present the recent developments and future prospects of improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops using various complementary approaches. These include conventional breeding and molecular genetics, in addition to alternative farming techniques based on no-till continuous cover cropping cultures and/or organic nitrogen (N) nutrition. Whatever the mode of N fertilization, an increased knowledge of the mechanisms controlling plant N economy is essential for improving NUE and for reducing excessive input of fertilizers, while maintaining an acceptable yield and sufficient profit margin for the farmers. Using plants grown under agronomic conditions, with different tillage conditions, in pure or associated cultures, at low and high N mineral fertilizer input, or using organic fertilization, it is now possible to develop further whole plant agronomic and physiological studies. These can be combined with gene, protein and metabolite profiling to build up a comprehensive picture depicting the different steps of N uptake, assimilation and recycling to produce either biomass in vegetative organs or proteins in storage organs. We provide a critical overview as to how our understanding of the agro-ecophysiological, physiological and molecular controls of N assimilation in crops, under varying environmental conditions, has been improved. We have used combined approaches, based on agronomic studies, whole plant physiology, quantitative genetics, forward and reverse genetics and the emerging systems biology. Long-term sustainability may require a gradual transition from synthetic N inputs to legume-based crop rotation, including continuous cover cropping systems, where these may be possible in certain areas of the world, depending on climatic conditions. Current knowledge and prospects for future agronomic development and application for breeding crops adapted to lower mineral fertilizer input and to alternative farming techniques are explored, whilst taking into account the constraints of both the current world economic situation and the environment.

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Section: Deciphering the Genetic Basis Of Nitrogen Use Efficiency In mentioning

confidence: 69%

Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crops for Sustainable Agriculture

et al. 2011

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“…Since all of the N in a plant, whether derived initially from nitrate, ammonium ions, N fixation, or generated by other reactions within the plant that release ammonium (decarboxylation of Gly during photorespiration, metabolism of N transport compounds, and the action of Phe ammonia lyase), is channeled through the reactions catalyzed by GS, it is somehow logical to find that in cereals, the enzyme is likely to be a major checkpoint controlling plant growth and productivity (Miflin and Habash, 2002;Hirel et al, 2005b;Tabuchi et al, 2005;Kichey et al, 2006). Thus, an individual N atom can pass many times through the GS reaction , following uptake from the soil, assimilation, and remobilization to final deposition in a seed storage protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Cytosolic Glutamine Synthetase Isoforms of Maize Are Specifically Involved in the Control of Grain Production

et al. 2006

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The roles of two cytosolic maize glutamine synthetase isoenzymes (GS1), products of the Gln1-3 and Gln1-4 genes, were investigated by examining the impact of knockout mutations on kernel yield. In the gln1-3 and gln1-4 single mutants and the gln1-3 gln1-4 double mutant, GS mRNA expression was impaired, resulting in reduced GS1 protein and activity. The gln1-4 phenotype displayed reduced kernel size and gln1-3 reduced kernel number, with both phenotypes displayed in gln1-3 gln1-4. However, at maturity, shoot biomass production was not modified in either the single mutants or double mutants, suggesting a specific impact on grain production in both mutants. Asn increased in the leaves of the mutants during grain filling, indicating that it probably accumulates to circumvent ammonium buildup resulting from lower GS1 activity. Phloem sap analysis revealed that unlike Gln, Asn is not efficiently transported to developing kernels, apparently causing reduced kernel production. When Gln1-3 was overexpressed constitutively in leaves, kernel number increased by 30%, providing further evidence that GS1-3 plays a major role in kernel yield. Cytoimmunochemistry and in situ hybridization revealed that GS1-3 is present in mesophyll cells, whereas GS1-4 is specifically localized in the bundle sheath cells. The two GS1 isoenzymes play nonredundant roles with respect to their tissue-specific localization.

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“…Consistent with this, the rice knockout mutant of the GS1 homologous gene OsGS1;1 results in a severe reduction in grain filling and thus grain size and production [70]. However, the OsGS1;1 gene has pleiotropic effects on plant development, including plant height, leaf blade length, panicle size, and grain filling [70], whereas the maize Gln1-4 gene is specifically involved in kernel development [49].…”

Section: Ring-type E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Is Involved In Control Of Graimentioning

confidence: 73%

Toward An Optimum Return From Crop Plants

Song

Ashikari

2008

Rice

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The increasing world population and global climate change have made optimizing crop plant return both crucial and urgent. Furthermore, improved understanding of crop yield potential as well as the implementation of related crop management strategies might be important components of a new green revolution. Notably, grain size (weight) and grain number are both essential components of crop yield potential; great progress has recently been made in understanding the genetic and molecular regulation of these traits. This knowledge would be helpful for improving crop yields using traditional and marker-assisted selective breeding strategies combined with genetic modification of local elite varieties.

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Severe reduction in growth rate and grain filling of rice mutants lacking OsGS1;1, a cytosolic glutamine synthetase1;1

Cited by 274 publications

References 40 publications

Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crops for Sustainable Agriculture

Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crops for Sustainable Agriculture

Two Cytosolic Glutamine Synthetase Isoforms of Maize Are Specifically Involved in the Control of Grain Production

Toward An Optimum Return From Crop Plants

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