Severity of REM atonia loss in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder predicts Parkinson disease

Abstract

Background: Over 50% of persons with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) will develop

Sleep stability and transitions in patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder and patients with Parkinson's disease

“…Several studies have focused on analysis of sleep data in the search for PD biomarkers (Dos Santos et al, 2014). These have examined measures of sleep spindle densities, RSWA, slow wave characteristics (Christensen et al, 2014b;Kempfner et al, 2014a,b;Latreille et al, 2014Latreille et al, , 2011Postuma et al, 2010) and other measures of abnormalities of brain stem function, including autonomic functions such as heart-rate variability (Sorensen et al, 2013a(Sorensen et al, , 2012 and other non-motor symptoms (Garcia-Ruiz et al, 2014;Sakakibara et al, 2014).…”

Possible Contribution of the Basal Ganglia Brainstem System to the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease

“…There are several reports suggesting that nearly half number of PD patients who were diagnosed as idiopathic RBD but free of neurodegenerative diseases had developed PD (Boeve, 2007;Iranzo, 2006;Schenck, 1996). Postuma et al (2010) conclude that severity of REM atonia loss in idiopathic RBD predicts PD. Neuronal loss in the PPN was reported in PD (Hirsch et al, 1987;Jellinger, 1988;Zweig et al, 1989), and loss of cholinergic neurons in the PPN is possibly related to disability of PD patients (Rinne et al, 2008).…”

“…Motor symptoms are generally characterized by hypokinesia-bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscular rigidity and posture-gait disabilities (Morris et al, 1994;Murrey et al, 1978). Sleep disturbances are major non-motor symptoms, which include insomnia, narcolepsy-like sleep attack and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavioral disorder (RBD) (Ferini-Strambi & Zucconi, 2000;Iranzo et al, 2006;Postuma et al, 2010;Schenck, 1996), in addition to disturbances of emotional expression and impairments of cognitive and executive functions (Aarsland et al, 2010). It has been well established that the cortico-basal ganglia loops (C-BG loop) contribute to the volitional and intentional control of movements (Delong & Wichmann, 2007).…”

Automatic Quantification of Muscular Activity in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

“…RBD patients share common symptoms such as nightmares with patients with neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson s disease (PD). In fact, follow-up studies on patients diagnosed with sudden onset idiopathic RBD (iRBD) support the hypothesis that RWA is a non-waking symptom that precedes the waking symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD [5][6][7]. Therefore, early diagnosis of RBD is important to identify patients at high risk of neurodegenerative diseases, and to allow initiation of therapy as early as possible.…”

“…There are two types of RWA: REM sleep with intermittent phasic muscular activity, and REM sleep with sustained tonic muscular activity. It is important to discriminate between phasic muscular activity from tonic muscular activity, since only tonic muscle activity in REM sleep predicts the development of neurodegenerative disease [6].…”