Sewage-derived bacteria monitored in a marine water column by means of captive mussels

Trollope, D.R.; Al-salihi, S.B.S

doi:10.1016/0141-1136(84)90056-4

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Several studies have shown that faecal bacteria can accumulate and persist in M. edulis (Al‐Jebouri and Trollope 1984; Trollope and Al‐salihi 1984; Doré and Lees 1995; Silverman et al. 1999; Hernroth et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of marine and freshwater bivalves to accumulate faecal indicator bacteria including coliforms and faecal streptococci has been exploited in previous studies were clean mussels were introduced at polluted sites to monitor pollution levels after fixed immersion periods (e.g. Trollope and Al‐salihi 1984; Turick et al. 1988; Kay et al.…”

Section: Accumulation and Survival Of Enterococcus In M Edulismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uptake and persistence of human associatedEnterococcusin the musselMytilus edulis:relevance for faecal pollution source tracking

Roslev

Iversen

Sønderbo

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: Micro‐organisms and molecular markers for microbial source tracking (MST) in coastal waters are often present at low numbers, and often exhibit significant variability in time and space. In this study, we investigated the uptake, accumulation, and persistence of human associated Enterococcus in the mussel Mytilus edulis. Methods and Results: The human associated molecular markers esp in Enterococcus faecium, and M66 in Enterococcus faecalis were targetted by PCR in seawater and mussel samples from coastal sites affected by sewage contamination. Both native mussels and mussels transplanted from pristine to polluted sites were included. The results showed that the esp and M66 markers were often not detectable in seawater whereas mussels were enriched in the markers. Human associated E. faecalis accumulated rapidly in M. edulis, and reached maximum levels after 4–6 h with concentration 30–300 times greater than in the surrounding seawater. Enterococcus faecalis retained in M. edulis showed a survival comparable to planktonic E. faecalis in seawater with half lives of 30 and 22 h, respectively. Human associated markers remained detectable for 120 h in M. edulis after faecal contamination. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that native and transplanted M. edulis can accumulate and retain human associated molecular markers relevant for MST. Significance and Impact of the Study: Mussels should be considered as additional targets in MST studies in coastal waters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accumulation and Survival Of Enterococcus In M Edulismentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and persistence of human associatedEnterococcusin the musselMytilus edulis:relevance for faecal pollution source tracking

Roslev

Iversen

Sønderbo

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…Marine mussels are suspension feeding organisms known for their ability to accumulate elevated concentrations of faecal bacteria (e.g. Trollope & Al-salihi 1984;Marino et al 2005;Kay et al 2008;Roslev et al 2009). Faecal bacteria taken up by M. edulis remain viable for several days, and may represent the water quality over longer time relative to grab samples from the water column (Marino et al 2005;Roslev et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of mussels as biosamplers for characterization of faecal pollution in coastal recreational waters

Roslev

Bukh

Iversen

et al. 2010

Water Science and Technology

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Sources of faecal pollution in coastal recreational waters may be identified by analysing different host associated microorganisms or molecular markers. However, the microbial targets are often present at low numbers in moderately impacted waters, and often exhibit significant temporal and spatial variability in waters with fluctuating faecal loads. This patchy occurrence can limit successful detection of relevant targets in microbial source tracking studies. In this study, we explored the possibility for using the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) as a biosampler for accumulation of faecal bacteria relevant for microbial source tracking. Non-contaminated blue mussels were transferred to three coastal recreational waters affected by faecal pollution of unknown origin. Molecular markers associated with animal and human waste were targeted by PCR and compared in seawater and mussel samples. The results demonstrated that transplanted mussels in simple enclosures accumulated and retained elevated levels of molecular markers associated with different types of faecal pollution. The targets included a novel putative human associated E. coli subgroup B2 VIII clone, and animal and human associated markers in enterococci (esp, M19, M66, M90, and M91). Human (sewage) associated markers including esp and M66 were sometimes not detectable in seawater samples despite known wastewater contamination, whereas the markers were detectable in mussels. We suggest that transplanted mussels should be considered as potential biosamplers in studies focusing on identifying source of faecal pollution in low or moderately impacted recreational waters. Bioaccumulation of molecular markers in mussels for several days may represent the water quality better than traditional grab samples from the water column.

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“…Sentinel mussels are widely used as bio-monitors of chemical pollution of receiving waters because, in the course of ingesting large quantities of water during filter-feeding, the mussels accumulate substances such as pesticides and metals (Viarengo & Canesi 1991). Trollope & Al-salihi (1984), using cages of captive (sentinel) marine mussels placed in sewage-polluted water, have shown that mussels can also accumulate faecal micro-organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal and human faecal pollution in New Zealand rivers

Donnison

Ross²

1999

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Sentinel freshwater mussels (Hydridella menziesi) were immersed in rivers at sites impacted by faecal pollution. The indicator bacterium, Escherichia coli, was recovered from all mussels including those at a forest control site, but concentrations were highest at sites impacted by either treated sewage or treated meat-processing waste water, or by inputs from dairy farms. The three pathogens sought were recovered from mussels, except those at the forest (control) site: Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli at treated sewage sites; Salmonella typhimurium and C. jejuni at treated meat-processing waste water sites; and C. jejuni and Yersinia enterocolitica at sites impacted only by dairy farms. The FRNA bacteriophage concentration was high in mussels impacted by sewage or sheep-processing waste water but was low when the input was only from dairy farms. Mussels up to 23 km from a sewage discharge contained a high concentration of FRNA suggesting that there could be a health risk due to viruses, although the water did not exceed recommended guidelines. Pathogens were also sought in untreated waste waters. C. jejuni and C. coli were recovered from both sheep-processing and beef-processing waste waters and the only sewage isolate identified was confirmed as C. coli. Salmonella spp. were recovered from all waste waters, with S. typhimurium phage type 135, isolated from a sample of meat-processing waste water, and from mussels immersed 1 and 5 km down stream of that plant's discharge. Y. enterocolitica was M 980 3 7

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Sewage-derived bacteria monitored in a marine water column by means of captive mussels

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Uptake and persistence of human associatedEnterococcusin the musselMytilus edulis:relevance for faecal pollution source tracking

Uptake and persistence of human associatedEnterococcusin the musselMytilus edulis:relevance for faecal pollution source tracking

Application of mussels as biosamplers for characterization of faecal pollution in coastal recreational waters

Animal and human faecal pollution in New Zealand rivers

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