Sex and empathy.

Olesker, Wendy; Balter, Lawrence

doi:10.1037/h0033552

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The question of what effects the sex of the client and helper have on empathic response has received conflicting results in various research projects. The finding of a significant main effect for helper sex was not consistent with some recent research findings (Breisinger, 1976;Olesker & Balter, 1972;Petro & Hansen, 1977).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Sex and Conceptual Level Empathic Responses to Ambivalent Affect

Kimberlin

Friesen

1980

Couns Edu & Supervision

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Four variables (helper conceptual level, helper sex, client sex, and type of client affect), their interactions, and effects on empathic ability were examined. All undergraduate “helpers” had been trained in empathic response and were asked to respond empathically to videotaped role‐playing “clients.” Client videotapes were equally divided among male and female clients, and among ambivalent and nonambivalent affect states. A significant interaction was found between helper conceptual level and type of client affect. Female helpers were found to be more empathic than male helpers, and responses to the nonambivalent affect statements were more empathic than responses to the more complex ambivalent affect statements.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Sex and Conceptual Level Empathic Responses to Ambivalent Affect

Kimberlin

Friesen

1980

Couns Edu & Supervision

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was also predicted that same-sex dyads would result in more interpretation, self-disclosure, and negative feedback than oppositesex dyads. These latter hypotheses were based on recent findings suggesting that people generally feel more comfortable with and better able to understand members of their own than of the opposite sex (Hill, 1975;Olesker & Baiter, 1972).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of role and gender mix on verbal communication modes.

Whalen¹,

Flowers²

1977

Journal of Counseling Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Undergraduates viewed a videotape of role-played problem vignettes and responded as though they were in face-to-face contact with the speakers. Half of the subjects took the role of counselor and half the role of friend. Written responses were coded using a system that included most of the response modes emphasized in contemporary models of counseling. Analyses of covariance indicated that students serving as friends made fewer reflections and gave more advice than those serving as counselors. Female stimuli elicited more advice and information-seeking questions than male stimuli, while male stimuli elicited more positive feedback than female stimuli. Compared to males, females used more interrogative interpretations. Same-sex pairings elicited more interpretation than opposite-sex pairings, and more negative feedback was given to same-sex stimuli under friend conditions and to opposite-sex stimuli under counselor conditions. Discussion focused on natural verbal helping repertoires, responsivity to situational cues, and pervasiveness of sex role stereotypes.

show abstract

“…These findings shed some light on the previous evidence for bias. Most of this research (e.g., Olesker & Baiter, 1972) involved empathy scales, which are similar to the FC scale. Apparently, bias is most likely when items are most subjective and thus least reliably rated.…”

Section: Rater Bias In Specific Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for investigating sources of rater bias.

Hill

O’Grady²,

Price³

1988

Journal of Counseling Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Few studies in counseling and psychotherapy have investigated rater bias. The purpose of this study was to outline a method for studying rater bias. We studied three potential sources of rater bias: (a) characteristics of the rater, client, and therapist; (b) the similarity of characteristics between rater and therapist or client; and (c) perceived similarity between rater and therapist or client. We used a new rater-bias measure. The data for the study were ratings on the Collaborative Study Psychotherapy Rating Scale for 826 sessions of psychotherapy in the Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. High interrater reliability was found for all scales of the measure. We found evidence of rater bias only on the facilitative conditions scale. Rater bias was not found for the other scales, perhaps because of the extensive development of the measure, careful selection of the raters, lengthy rater training, and continued contact with raters throughout the rating period. The rater-bias measure may be useful to other researchers as a means of testing the reactivity of their measures to rater bias. Finally, the method for investigating rater bias can be used by other researchers to evaluate rater bias.

show abstract

Sex and empathy.

Cited by 41 publications

References 25 publications

Sex and Conceptual Level Empathic Responses to Ambivalent Affect

Sex and Conceptual Level Empathic Responses to Ambivalent Affect

Effects of role and gender mix on verbal communication modes.

A method for investigating sources of rater bias.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About