Sex and genotype dependence on the effects of long‐term high environmental temperatures on cellular enzyme activities from chicken organs

Abstract

SUMMARYThe effects of long term hyperthermia on enzyme levels in the chicken heart and breast muscles, brain, kidney, liver and lung, in relation to sex and degree of feathering, were studied. The enzymes studied were alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase and gammaglutamyltransferase. Double heterozygote frizzled naked neck and normally feathered male and female broilers were exposed to 24°C (control group) and 32°C (experimental group), for 5 weeks, starting at the age of 3 weeks. The birds were killed, the tested organ removed, homogenized and cell-free supernatant was obtained by centrifugation. Enzyme activities were measured with an autoanalyser and specific activities were calculated.Prolonged heat stress resulted in changes of enzyme activities in all the tissues studied.No significant differences were seen in the cellular enzyme levels from the various organs between male and female birds unexposed to heat stress. Following heat stress, however, greater changes in enzyme levels were seen in the brain, heart muscle and kidney of males compared to females. No significant differences were seen in the cellular enzymes studied in the tissues between the normal and frizzled naked neck chicken. Following prolonged heat stress, there were some differences in the degree of response between the frizzled naked neck and control groups. These differences did not show a consistent or clear pattern indicative of the degree of stress in each of the groups.

Effect of dietary nutmeg oil on heat‐stress tolerance‐related parameters in Korean native chicken reared under hot temperature

“…In addition, elevated serum levels of AST and ALT are indicative of the destruction of hepatocytes and liver dysfunction (Jaensch, Cullen, & Raidal, 2000;Tessari et al, 2010). Heat stress enhanced the levels of both AST and ALT in organs (Bogin et al, 1997) and serum (Attia, Bakhashwain, et al, 2017) in chickens. Furthermore, a study reported that the average serum levels of AST and ALT in native chicken during summer season were 190 and 3.7 U/L respectively (Albokhadaim, 2012).…”

Differential effects of two indigenous broilers exposed to cold stress and characters of follicle density and diameter

“…Ambient temperature exceeding the thermoneutral zone, lead to decreased core temperature and consequently initiate a number of responses leading to the neutralization of the metabolic changes on one hand and regulation of body temperature on the other hand (Bogin et al, 1997;Gabriel et al, 2003). Chronic and acute cold exposure is among the stressing factors affecting the metabolism, causing hypothermia, leads to a sequence of physiological and metabolic changes, such as changes of enzyme activities in almost all the tissues, resulting from the need to elevate the body temperature or a sequence of metabolic events originated from the hypothermia (Selman et al, 2000;Rajman et al, 2006).…”

Alleviating heat stress in domestic fowl: different strategies

“…The first phase protects the cells in the short term, for up to approximately 1 h, and can be characterized by activation of pathways that involve the adenosine receptor, mitochondrial k ATPdependent channels and various kinases (Bogin et al, 1996(Bogin et al, , 1997Hausenloy and Yellon, 2006). The first phase protects the cells in the short term, for up to approximately 1 h, and can be characterized by activation of pathways that involve the adenosine receptor, mitochondrial k ATPdependent channels and various kinases (Bogin et al, 1996(Bogin et al, , 1997Hausenloy and Yellon, 2006).…”