Sex and pedagogy influences in physics learning-related reorganization of brain activation

Abstract

Physics is a challenging academic pursuit in which university students regularly struggle to achieve success. Female students tend to perform negatively on introductory physics conceptual assessments compared to their male peers; however, active-learning classroom curricula are known to broadly improve performance on these tests. Here, we used fMRI to delineate physics-related brain activity in 107 students and probed for changes resulting from a semester of active-learning or lecture-based physics instruction. Large-scale reorganization of brain activity accompanying learning occurred in a mixed frontoparietal and default mode network. Sex differences were observed in frontoparietal, default mode, and primary visual areas before and after instruction. Regions showing significant pedagogy, sex, and time interactions were revealed during physics retrieval, suggesting the type of class students complete may influence sex differences in how students retrieve information. These results reveal potentially elucidating sex and pedagogy differences underlying the neural mechanisms supporting physics learning.

Multi‐ethnic variation in the ties that bind rumination and heart rate variability: Implications for health disparities

“…Lastly, from a neurophysiological perspective, meta-analyses find prefrontal activation to be associated with both the act of problemsolving (Bartley et al, 2018) and maintaining adequate levels of HRV (Thayer et al, 2012). The investigation of ethnic differences in prefrontal activation and problem solving is warranted, as it would provide a potential physiological and neurophysiological basis for our current findings.…”