Sex and Psychological Differentiation in Preschoolers

Domash, Leanne; Balter, Lawrence

doi:10.1080/00221325.1976.10533974

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…These high expectations seemed associated with authoritarianism (Domash & Balter, 1976). Boys seem to demonstrate a significantly higher degree of sex-role preference than girls.…”

Section: Differentnessmentioning

confidence: 91%

Personality in Intimate Relationships

Barelds¹

2005

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except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now know or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if the are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.Printed in the United States of America. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springeronline.com To Peggy, my beautiful wife, best friend, amusing muse, faithful companion, competent collaborator, articulate colleague, unwavering and adamant supporter, and fearless critic, whose nurturing love gave ample space to my work in more ways than one.Preface "Under whatever disciplinary flag, however, someone will always ask how individuals are different from each other, how behavior changes, how people perceive, think, and plan, how people experience reality, and even what might be going on in the regions of the mind usually hidden from view. The basic questions of personality psychology will simply not go away (Funder, 2001, p. 216)."The purpose of this work is to update, expand, examine, and evaluate a developmental, relational, and contextual theory of personality socialization and psychopathology in intimate and nonintimate relationships, family, friends, and other settings, namely: home, school/work, and surplus/leisure time activities (L'). By intimate is meant relationships that are close, committed, interdependent, and prolonged. By close is meant relationships that are bound by emotional, physical, financial, legal, generational, and practical ties. By committed is meant a belief that the relationship will survive and that both partners and family members are involved in it reciprocally and mutually. By interdependent is meant that members of the unit, whatever that unit may be, have to depend on each other for survival and enjoyment. By prolonged is meant relationships that have been preserved and have survived the passage and test of time. By the same token, nonintimate relationships are distant, spatially and temporally, uncommitted, by blood, or by any other means, short-lived and superficial, where other relationships are available to satisfy dependency needs. Closeness, commitment, interdependence, and prolongation in no way imply the level of functionality in a relationship. Satisfaction in a relationship may well be independent from those four characteristics. One could be close, committed, and interdependent for a prolonged period of vii viii Preface Preface ix commitment, some degree of interdependence, and some degree of prolongation. Whether these four characteristics are necessary and sufficient remains to be seen throughout the pages of this work. Instead of the nuclear family as traditionally conceived, many alternatives and substitutes have assumed the same function, perhaps with a much greater degree of choice an...

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“…These high expectations seemed associated with authoritarianism (Domash & Balter, 1976). Boys seem to demonstrate a significantly higher degree of sex-role preference than girls.…”

Section: Differentnessmentioning

confidence: 91%

Personality in Intimate Relationships

Barelds¹

2005

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Right-wing authoritarianism, political affiliation, religiosity, and their relation to psychological androgyny

Rubinstein

1995

Sex Roles

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Parents' differential socialization of boys and girls: A meta-analysis.

Lytton¹,

Romney²

1991

Psychological Bulletin

1,016

713

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A meta-analysis of 172 studies attempted to resolve the conflict between previous narrative reviews on whether parents make systematic differences in their rearing of boys and girls. Most effect sizes were found to be nonsignificant and small. In North American studies, the only socialization area of 19 to display a significant effect for both parents is encouragement of sex-typed activities. In other Western countries, physical punishment is applied significantly more to boys. Fathers tend to differentiate more than mothers between boys and girls. Over all socialization areas, effect size is not related to sample size or year of publication. Effect size decreases with child's age and increases with higher quality. No grouping by any of these variables changes a nonsignificant effect to a significant effect. Because little differential socialization for social behavior or abilities can be found, other factors that may explain the genesis of documented sex differences are discussed.

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Sex and Psychological Differentiation in Preschoolers

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Personality in Intimate Relationships

Personality in Intimate Relationships

Right-wing authoritarianism, political affiliation, religiosity, and their relation to psychological androgyny

Parents' differential socialization of boys and girls: A meta-analysis.

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