Sex and race differences in the relative lengths of metacarpals and metatarsals in human skeletons

McFadden, Dennis; Bracht, Mary S.

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.07.001

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Also the present results were on contrary to that of McFadden and Bracht 22 in European and African American populations, who stated that the right hand was slightly longer than the corresponding bones in the left hand, but the differences were small and there were numerous exceptions. Also Krishan et al 2 found that hand and foot dimensions were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in men in both right and left sides.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Sex determination by the length of metacarpals and phalanges: X-ray study on Egyptian population

Morsi

Hawary

2013

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Sex determination by the length of metacarpals and phalanges: X-ray study on Egyptian population

Morsi

Hawary

2013

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

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“…Limited sample size (i.e., N < 150; similar to our samples) definitely accounts for such failures to reach conventional significance criteria in null-hypothesis significance testing, even when the size of effects is as expected. Several prior studies of comparable research also yielded nominally not significant sex effects in 2D:4D derived from bone digit length [(19, 23, 38); exception (39)], whereas larger samples usually yield findings that are statistically significant, even when effect sizes are of similar size [ N = 327 (10); N = 1,060 (11); N = 3,172 (12); N = 250 (13)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…On the other hand, studies comprising several digit ratios derived from metacarpal-bone length have reported stronger sexual dimorphism occurring in digit ratios having digit 5 as one of the constituents of the ratio [in gorillas (18); in humans (19)]. In addition, studies have also reported a pattern of similar sexual dimorphism in digit ratios (2D:4D) derived from metacarpal and phalangeal bone lengths (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Dimorphism in Digit Ratios Derived from Dorsal Digit Length among Adults and Children

2017

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Sexual dimorphism in ventrally measured digit ratios (2D:4D and other) has been related to prenatal sex-hormone levels. In the present series of three studies, we measured all digit lengths (excluding the thumb) on the dorsal, rather than the ventral, side of left and right hands and investigated the sexual dimorphism in digit ratios in three independent samples, two of them comprising adults (Study I, N = 104; Study II, N = 154), and one further, comprising kindergarten children (Study III, N = 64). Results show that men have lower digit-ratio values compared to women in digit ratios that include digit 5 as one of the constituents of the ratio (i.e., the 4D:5D, 3D:5D, and 2D:5D ratios). Boys have lower values compared to girls for the 4D:5D and 3D:5D ratios, and there is a similar trend of sexual dimorphism in the 2D:5D ratio. Thus, based on the evidence from dorsally measured digit ratios, the present findings from three samples are consistent with the idea that early sex-hormonal effects might be stronger for digit ratios involving digit 5, as compared to the classic, and frequently studied, ventrally measured 2D:4D ratio.

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“…Due to a possible effect of race on 2D:4D ratio (e.g., Manning, 2002;Manning, Stewart, Bundred, & Trivers, 2004;McFadden & Bracht, 2009), statistical analyses were conducted with and without controlling for race.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Second to Fourth Digit Ratio, Spatial Cognition, and Virtual Navigation

Nowak

Moffat

2010

Arch Sex Behav

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Studies in human and non-human animals have found that early life exposure to androgens may affect later spatial performance. Recent studies have suggested that the ratio of the second to fourth digit (2D:4D) may serve as an index of prenatal androgen exposure. Some studies have found that the 2D:4D ratio predicts adult spatial performance, although the nature of the relationship is equivocal. This study was designed to quantify the relationships between 2D:4D ratio, spatial cognition, and spatial navigation using a virtual Morris water task (vMWT) in a sample of young adult men and women (N = 140). The results replicated findings from the literature regarding sex differences in 2D:4D ratio, vMWT performance, and spatial cognition. However, 2D:4D ratio was not consistently related to spatial cognition or spatial navigation in men or women. Results were discussed within the framework of androgen influences on spatial cognition and the degree to which 2D:4D ratio serves as a marker for early life androgen exposure.

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Sex and race differences in the relative lengths of metacarpals and metatarsals in human skeletons

Abstract: Background-Previous research has revealed that the ratios of the lengths of various pairs of human fingers differ in males and females.

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Sex determination by the length of metacarpals and phalanges: X-ray study on Egyptian population

Sex determination by the length of metacarpals and phalanges: X-ray study on Egyptian population

Sexual Dimorphism in Digit Ratios Derived from Dorsal Digit Length among Adults and Children

The Relationship Between Second to Fourth Digit Ratio, Spatial Cognition, and Virtual Navigation

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