Sex and Sexual Orientation

Ferguson, Eamonn; Frankis, Jamie

doi:10.1300/j082v41n02_07

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In contrast to prior studies conducted in the West and in Africa [38], [39], we did not observe a significant association between social participation and QoL at the individual level. There are several possible reasons for the lack of such an association in our sample.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Impact of Individual-Level Social Capital on Quality of Life among AIDS Patients in China

Xia

Chen

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundWith growing recognition of the social determinants of health, social capital is an increasingly important construct in international health. However, the application of social capital discourse in response to HIV infection remains preliminary. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of social capital on quality of life (QoL) among adult patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).MethodsA convenient sample of 283 patients receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) was investigated in Anhui province, China. QoL data were collected using the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Survey (MOS-HIV) questionnaire. Social capital was measured using a self-developed questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to explore associations between social capital and QoL.ResultsThe study sample had a mean physical health summary (PHS) score of 50.13±9.90 and a mean mental health summary (MHS) score of 41.64±11.68. Cronbach's α coefficients of the five multi-item scales of social capital ranged from 0.44 to 0.79. When other variables were controlled for, lower individual levels of reciprocity and trust were associated with a greater likelihood of having a poor PHS score (odds ratio [OR] = 2.02) or PHS score (OR = 6.90). Additionally, the factors of social support and social networks and ties were associated positively with MHS score (OR = 2.30, OR = 4.17, respectively).ConclusionsThis is the first report to explore the effects of social capital on QoL of AIDS patients in China. The results indicate that social capital is a promising avenue for developing strategies to improve the QoL of AIDS patients in China, suggesting that the contribution of social capital should be fully exploited, especially with enhancement of QoL through social participation. Social capital development policy may be worthy of consideration.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Impact of Individual-Level Social Capital on Quality of Life among AIDS Patients in China

Xia

Chen

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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“…Adult play may provide a social bonding purpose similar to grooming, allowing animals to socialise. In other words, it enables animals to create and sustain social connections as well as restrain anger, lower tension, and enhance tolerance under challenging situations (Baldwin and Baldwin 1973;Enomoto 1990;Ferguson and Frankis 2001;Martin and Caro 1985;Merrick 1977;Norscia and Palagi 2011;Palagi et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel observation of play behaviour between a harem holder and a bachelor group of Przewalski’s horses in the wild

Bernátková,

Ceacero,

Oyunsaikhan

et al. 2023

acta ethol

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Przewalski’s horses live in stable nonterritorial families (harem) of one or more harem stallions, several mares, and their offspring. The harem stallion typically behaves aggressively towards any male intruder approaching the harem. Play behaviour is frequently observed among the group members in horses. For stallions, the most common, well-known cases of play behaviour are found between members of bachelor groups (groups of young stallions) and between the harem stallion and his offspring. The play between the harem stallion and members of the bachelor groups is, on the other hand, seemingly much rarer as a description of such events in the literature is anecdotal. In this note, we present our observation conducted in the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area (Mongolia) and describe the play behaviour between a Przewalski’s horse harem stallion and members of a bachelor group. The observation was done as a part of broader research during which selected Przewalski’s horses’ groups were located by binoculars in daily monitoring routines and filmed from a close distance (from 150 to 800 m). Behavioural Observation Research Interactive Software (BORIS) was used to extract data from the video recordings. The observation described in this note lasted for ∼ 180 min, during which the horses engaged in three separate bouts of play and repeated inter-group association. During the whole study (241.5 h of video recordings), this was the only observation including inter-group interactions. We observed two other events during which two harems approached each other (but never merged). Our observation is the first video recording of such an event and raises the question of how prevalent this behaviour is in the Przewalski’s horses’ restored natural populations. We conclude that this behaviour is unusual or has not been sufficiently studied in wild or feral harems. Further technological advances may help reveal more information on this topic.

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“…Esse comportamento, geralmente identificado como "brincar/play", tem se apresentado como um desafio para a teoria evolucionista, visto que seu alto custo com aparente falta de retorno pressupõe que ele deveria ser eliminado pela Seleção Natural (Burghardt, 2005). Apesar disso, a ubiquidade do brincar leva teóricos a proporem que tal comportamento é ou foi adaptativo (Bichara et al, 2018;Bjorklund & Pellegrini, 2002;Burghardt, 2005;Gray, 2009;Špinka et al, 2001).…”

Section: Um Panorama Sobre Os Estudos De Jogosunclassified

“…Essas distinções foram apresentadas para destacar que parece haver uma distinção acadêmica entre "brincadeira" e "jogo", com "brincadeira" sendo usado para descrever atividades espontâneas e sem um objetivo definido, comum em todos ou quase todos os filhotes de mamíferos e que se assemelha a um estado emocional (ex. : Burghardt, 2005;Gray, 2009;Sutton-Smith, 2001;Weisfeld & Weisfeld, 2016), enquanto "jogo" é usado para atividades orientadas a um objetivo, limitadas por regras arbitrárias, que independe do estado emocional dos jogadores e exclusivas dos humanos (ex. : Arjoranta, 2014;Deaner & Smith, 2013;Juul, 2010).…”

Section: Um Panorama Sobre Os Estudos De Jogosunclassified

Jogos como competições por status e parceiros: uma análise evolucionista de por que adultos jogam

Moraes¹

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Apesar das semelhanças com brincadeiras, jogos são teorizados como tentativas voluntárias de superar obstáculos desnecessários seguindo regras arbitrárias autodebilitantes. Essas formas de entretenimento são ubíquas, normalmente realizadas por adultos e têm robustas diferenças de gênero transculturais, mas foram pouco consideradas pelas teorias evolucionistas. Duas hipóteses evolucionistas têm tentado explicar por que adultos jogam: para selecionar parceiros e para competir por recursos/status. Assim sendo, nosso objetivo foi investigar a relação entre a propensão para jogar, medida pelo Investimento em Jogos, e variáveis associadas à obtenção de parceiros e de status. Para isso, um questionário foi aplicado a 1470 adultos brasileiros perguntando sobre seus hábitos de jogo, informações sociodemográficas e a escala OLIW. Ao todo, foram obtidas 939 respostas válidas aqui analisadas. Usamos regressões lineares e uma análise de caminho para investigar possíveis preditores de investimento em jogos. Os resultados apontam que investir em jogos está associado a busca por status nas comunidades de jogadores, mas não encontrou fortes evidências de que jogos atraiam mais parceiros ou estejam relacionados à personalidade brincalhona. Assim, a propensão para jogar pode ter evoluído como uma competição não-letal por status. Questões contemporâneas podem ter impactado os resultados e são discutidas sugestões para futuros estudos.

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Sex and Sexual Orientation

Cited by 11 publications

References 53 publications

Impact of Individual-Level Social Capital on Quality of Life among AIDS Patients in China

Impact of Individual-Level Social Capital on Quality of Life among AIDS Patients in China

Novel observation of play behaviour between a harem holder and a bachelor group of Przewalski’s horses in the wild

Jogos como competições por status e parceiros: uma análise evolucionista de por que adultos jogam

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