Sex-based differences in pain distribution in a cohort of patients with persistent post-traumatic neck pain

Abstract

The importance of "female sex" as risk factor for the development of persistent pain after neck trauma needs to be discussed further. The high frequency of regional and widespread pain among patients with persistent neck pain after trauma calls for both multidisciplinary assessments and treatment strategies. The relationships between different pain distribution patterns, disability, activity, and psychological factors need to be studied further. Implications for rehabilitation Patients suffering from pain and disability after neck trauma constitute a significant proportion of patients with persistent pain. The importance of the risk factor "female sex" should be further discussed in the development of persistent pain after neck trauma. The high frequency of regional and widespread pain among patients with persistent neck pain after trauma calls both for multidisciplinary assessments and treatment strategies. The relationships between different pain distribution patterns, disability, activity, and psychological factors need to be studied further.

Gender Differences in Pain Experience and Treatment after Motor Vehicle Collisions: A Secondary Analysis of the CRASH Injury Study

“…Based on literature supporting gender differences in a range of painful conditions such as headache, chronic pain syndromes, and musculoskeletal pain, 5 gender differences in post-traumatic pain may also exist. 6, 7 Differences in pain between women and men across conditions are extensive and include differences in the severity and intensity of reported pain, pain sensitivity, prevalence of chronic pain, pain-associated distress and anxiety, and pain-induced hyperalgesia. 5, 6, 8–10 In addition, previous data have shown gender differences in both the receipt of analgesic treatment in the emergency department and in the response to treatment that is given (e.g., opioids).…”

Quantitative sensory testing response patterns to capsaicin- and ultraviolet-B–induced local skin hypersensitization in healthy subjects: a machine-learned analysis

“…5 , 6 , 16 , 70 ), which is also reflected in an overrepresentation of women among patients suffering from persistent pain. 56 , 74 , 94 The second subgroup was indirectly extrapolated from the fraction of measurements acquired following UV-B hypersensitization that nevertheless were dissolved in a cluster together with measurements taken during the baseline condition. This finding points at nonresponders, for which the present data do not provide an explanation.…”

Diagnostic Accuracy of Videofluoroscopy for Symptomatic Cervical Spine Injury Following Whiplash Trauma

“…The term "whiplash" refers to a traumatic whipping motion of the head and neck, primarily occurring in rear impact crashes, that produces higher peak acceleration at the head than in the neck or thoracolumbar spine [4]. While some authors have also used "whiplash" as a generic catch-all description for a variety of injuries resulting from whiplash trauma, when used to describe an injury the term generally refers to cervical spine sprain/strain injury [5].…”