Sex differences in ACL loading and strain during typical athletic movements: a musculoskeletal simulation analysis

Sinclair, Jonathan Kenneth; Brooks, Darrell; Stainton, Philip

doi:10.1007/s00421-018-04062-w

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…However, although Phinyomark et al showed that males with ITBS exhibit increased ankle eversion; experiments 1 and 3 do not support this as ankle eversion/ tibial internal rotation characteristics were not associated with ITB strain (9). The efficacy of any prophylactic or treatment intervention modality is reliant upon a clear understanding of the underlying mechanisms linked to the aetiology of the associated condition (24). Therefore, the observations provided from experiments 1 and 3 provide insight into the kinematic parameters that future effective treatment modalities should seek to attenuate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A three-experiment examination of iliotibial band strain characteristics during different conditions using musculoskeletal simulation

et al. 2020

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Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is a common chronic pathology mediated via excessive Iliotibial band (ITB) strain. The purpose using a three-experiment approach is to provide insight into the differences in strain between different athletic movements, the incidence of ITBS in females, the efficacy of different prophylactic modalities for ITBS and also the kinematic parameters associated with ITB strain. METHODS: Experiment 1 examined male and female athletes performing run, 45° cut and one-legged hop movements, experiment 2 observed males and females, whilst running in five different orthotic conditions and experiment 3 examined males and females riding a cycle ergometer at 70, 80 and 90RPM whilst in prophylactic knee brace and no-brace conditions. In each experiment, kinematics were obtained using a motion capture system and ITB strain was measured using a musculoskeletal simulation approach. RESULTS:In experiment 1 ITB strain was greater in the run (male=3.87% & female=4.37%; P<0.001) and cut (male=3.12% & female=4.06%; P<0.001) movements compared to hop (male=0.87% & female=1.54%). Experiment 2 showed that females exhibited increased ITB strain (male=6.34% & female=8.91%; P<0.05) and ITB strain velocity (male=57.17%/s & female=77.41%/s; P<0.05) and also in females that ITB strain velocity was greater (P≤0.01) in lateral (80.22%/s) and no-orthotic (83.01%/s) conditions compared to medial (72.58%/s) and off the shelf orthoses (74.52%/s). The regression analyses across movements showed that ITB strain was predicted by sagittal and coronal plane mechanics at the hip (R 2 =0.15-0.30; P<0.05) and sagittal, coronal and transverse plane kinematics at the knee joint (R 2 =0.15-0.22; P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Further insight is provided into differences in ITB strain across functional athletic movements, the increased incidence of ITBS in females and the parameters linked most strongly with ITB strain during different movements is provided; whilst also highlighting the prophylactic efficacy of medial and off the shelf orthoses in female runners.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A three-experiment examination of iliotibial band strain characteristics during different conditions using musculoskeletal simulation

et al. 2020

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“…Dynamic data during the stance phase was exported from Visual 3D into OpenSim 3.3 software (Simtk.org) using a custom pipeline that allowed the inverse kinematics to be exported to match the degrees of freedom associated with the experimental model in OpenSim 27 . The standard Gait2392 Opensim musculoskeletal model was adapted to include six degrees of freedom knee joints and also an ACL bundles modelled in accordance with Sinclair et al, 27 as non-linearly elastic passive soft tissues based on the proximal (femur) and distal (tibia) insertion points of Xu et al, 40 (Figure 5ab). The model was further developed by incorporating a patella and the tibiofemoral joint was separated into medial and lateral compartment locations which were positioned at 25% and 75% of the scaled knee joint width in accordance with Barrios & Willson 41 .…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the high incidence of ACL injuries in football players 15 and the poor-long term prognosis following injury, prophylactic interventions are therefore a key clinical priority 27 . Knee braces are external devices constructed in order to improve three-dimensional knee joint dynamic alignment 28 and range from semi-rigid devices incorporating uni or polyaxial hinges to more compliant sleeves designed simply to provide compression and enhance proprioception 29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herzog et al 34 showed that muscles are the primary contributors to the forces experienced by the lower extremity joint structures. Specifically, the complex role of muscles in controlling knee ligament loading during human movement has received insufficient attention within the literature, owing to difficulties in calculating muscle kinetics and modelling knee joint ligamentous structures 27 . To date, there has yet to be any investigation which has examined the effects of prophylactic knee bracing on ligament load and strain parameters linked to the aetiology of ACL using a muscle driven approach to quantify knee mechanics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a Prophylactic Knee Sleeve on the Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Lower Extremity Biomechanics: An Examination Using Musculoskeletal Simulation

Sinclair

GRIMSHAW

LATHAM

et al. 2022

J. Mech. Med. Biol.

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The current study aimed using a two-experiment musculoskeletal simulation-based approach, measuring anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) biomechanics, knee joint kinematics, and lower extremity joint loading to examine the effects of both a prophylactic knee sleeve on (1) a sport-specific change of direction movement in female footballers and (2) a single leg landing in male footballers. Experiment 1 examined 12 female university first team level footballers (age [Formula: see text] years, height [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, body mass [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg) undertaking a [Formula: see text] cutting movement in sleeve and no-sleeve conditions. Experiment 2 examined 10 male university first team level footballers (age [Formula: see text] years, height [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, body mass [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg) undertaking a single leg drop jump landing in sleeve and no-sleeve conditions. In each experiment, data was collected in a biomechanics laboratory and three-dimensional (3D) motion capture and ground reaction force (GRF) information was collected. 3D kinematics, 3D knee kinetics, and ACL ligament forces/strains were measured using musculoskeletal simulation, and participants were also asked to subjectively rate the knee sleeve in terms of both comfort and stability. Experiment 1 showed that the sleeve condition was associated with greater ACL strain ([Formula: see text]% and no-[Formula: see text]%) and forces ([Formula: see text] BW and no-[Formula: see text] BW). In addition, the brace condition also enhanced lateral compressive tibiofemoral ([Formula: see text] BW and no-[Formula: see text] BW) and total compressive tibiofemoral force ([Formula: see text] BW and no-[Formula: see text] BW). Finally, for the subjective ratings, participants indicated that the knee sleeve significantly improved perceived comfort and stability. Experiment 2 did not reveal any statistical differences between knee sleeve and no-sleeve conditions nor any effects of the knee sleeve on subjective ratings of comfort or stability. Therefore, the findings from the current investigation suggest that the prophylactic knee sleeve examined in the current investigation does not appear to reduce the biomechanical parameters linked to the aetiology of knee pathologies in male/female footballers.

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“…Single-leg landings expose the performer to higher bio-physical loads at the knee joint, due to increased vertical ground reaction force and tibial anterior shear force compared with doubleleg landings (Wang, 2011;Yeow et al, 2011). Single leg landings have been recognised for their increased injury risk, for example during hopping and landing it was observed that the loading and kinematics of the knee joint were such that the risk of ACL injury was increased, and this was shown to be greater in female athletes (Alentorn-Geli et al, 2009;Sinclair et al, 2019). It is clear from previous research that injury risk of singleleg landings is implicated in the contribution to Journal of Human Kinetics -volume 83/2022 http://www.johk.pl the greater risk of non-contact ACL injuries compared to double-leg landings (Boden et al, 2009;Yeow et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Arm Dominance on Knee Joint Biomechanics during Basketball Block Shot Single-Leg Landing

Jamkrajang¹,

Mongkolpichayaruk²,

Limroongreungrat³

et al. 2022

Journal of Human Kinetics

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Single arm blocking is a key component of successful basketball defence. The player uses either their dominant or non-dominant arm to block the ball landing on a common leg. Understanding how the bio-physical loads of the landing leg change as a function of the blocking arm will provide insights into potential injury risk of the lower limb. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arm dominance on the biomechanical variables of injury risk of the lower limb, specifically the knee joint during the single-leg landing in female basketball players. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected from fourteen female basketball athletes (20.85 ± 1.35 years, 1.69 ± 0.06 m, 60.37 ± 7.75 kg), each performing three trials of a dominant arm and non-dominant block jump landing on the dominant leg. The results showed significantly higher anterior and medial ground reaction force, knee joint flexion and abduction and lateral knee force during the dominant arm landing (p < 0.05). These findings highlight potential injury risk and the need for the player to be more proficient at dominant arm block-shot landing. The player should aim to develop a larger landscape of technique to meet the demands of the game and facilitate a more effective and safer landing strategy.

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Sex differences in ACL loading and strain during typical athletic movements: a musculoskeletal simulation analysis

Abstract: CLoK Central Lancashire online Knowledge www.clok.uclan.ac.uk Sex differences in ACL loading and strain during typical athletic movements: a musculoskeletal simulation analysis.

Cited by 15 publications

References 68 publications

A three-experiment examination of iliotibial band strain characteristics during different conditions using musculoskeletal simulation

A three-experiment examination of iliotibial band strain characteristics during different conditions using musculoskeletal simulation

Effects of a Prophylactic Knee Sleeve on the Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Lower Extremity Biomechanics: An Examination Using Musculoskeletal Simulation

The Effect of Arm Dominance on Knee Joint Biomechanics during Basketball Block Shot Single-Leg Landing

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