Sex Differences in Athletes With Asthma and Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: Future Directions

Khan, Nilam A.; Lindley, Martin R.

doi:10.4155/fsoa-2017-0082

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Others found that regulation of inflammatory genes depends on the time and duration of exercise during the menstrual phase in females ( 136 ). In this context, female athletes were found to exhibit severe exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in the luteal phase of the cycle ( 137 ). A potential mechanism for this involves differential expression of pro-inflammatory genes.…”

Section: Sex Differences In the Association Of Environmental Occupati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling and Inflammation: Clinical and Biological Factors

Ekpruke

Silveyra

2022

Front. Allergy

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Asthma is characterized by an increase in the contraction and inflammation of airway muscles, resulting in airflow obstruction. The prevalence of asthma is lower in females than in males until the start of puberty, and higher in adult women than men. This sex disparity and switch at the onset of puberty has been an object of debate among many researchers. Hence, in this review, we have summarized these observations to pinpoint areas needing more research work and to provide better sex-specific diagnosis and management of asthma. While some researchers have attributed it to the anatomical and physiological differences in the male and female respiratory systems, the influences of hormonal interplay after puberty have also been stressed. Other hormones such as leptin have been linked to the sex differences in asthma in both obese and non-obese patients. Recently, many scientists have also demonstrated the influence of the sex-specific genomic framework as a key player, and others have linked it to environmental, social lifestyle, and occupational exposures. The majority of studies concluded that adult men are less susceptible to developing asthma than women and that women display more severe forms of the disease. Therefore, the understanding of the roles played by sex- and gender-specific factors, and the biological mechanisms involved will help develop novel and more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic plans for sex-specific asthma management.

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Section: Sex Differences In the Association Of Environmental Occupati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women in the mid-luteal phase also display worsened lung function and exacerbated bronchoconstriction induced by exercise ( 138 ). These changes in the mid-luteal phase were associated with an increase in progesterone levels, although the exact mechanism remains unknown ( 137 ).…”

Section: Sex Differences In the Association Of Environmental Occupati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling and Inflammation: Clinical and Biological Factors

Ekpruke

Silveyra

2022

Front. Allergy

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“…Since overall literature supporting or refuting ventilatory sex differences is sparse, it is suggested that future EIB studies quantify these, alongside further exploring effect of contraceptives on ventilatory parameters amongst female athletes. may enhance much-needed debate around contraceptive use during female athletes' competition and game play [25]. Future studies may benefit from comparisons between different types and doses of oral contraceptives, which have been shown to exhibit varying effects on exercise [26].…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Ventilation amongst Athletes Undergoing EVH Challenge Testing for Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction

Khan¹,

Lindley²,

Mastana³

2020

Arch Sports Med

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The therapeutic role of inspiratory muscle training in the management of asthma: a narrative review

Sogard,

Mickleborough

2023

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Asthma is a disorder of the airways characterized by chronic airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and variable recurring airway obstruction. Treatment options for asthma include pharmacological strategies, while non-pharmacological strategies are limited. Established pharmacological approaches to treating asthma may cause unwanted side effects and do not always afford adequate protection against asthma, possibly due to an individual's variable response to medications. A potential non-pharmacological intervention that is most available and cost-effective is inspiratory muscle training (IMT), which is a technique targeted at increasing the strength and endurance of the diaphragm and accessory muscles of inspiration. Studies examining the impact of IMT on asthma have reported increases in inspiratory muscle strength, and a reduction in the perception of dyspnea and medication use. However, due to the limited number and discordant methods between studies more evidence is required to elucidate in asthmatics the efficacy of IMT on inspiratory muscle endurance, exercise capacity, asthma control, symptoms, quality of life, as well as adolescents with differing severities of asthma. Large randomized controlled trials would be a significant step forward in clarifying the effectiveness of IMT in asthmatics. While IMT may have favorable effects on inspiratory muscle strength, dyspnea and medication use, the current evidence that IMT is an effective treatment for asthma is inconclusive.

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Sex Differences in Athletes With Asthma and Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: Future Directions

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling and Inflammation: Clinical and Biological Factors

Sex Differences in Airway Remodeling and Inflammation: Clinical and Biological Factors

Sex Differences in Ventilation amongst Athletes Undergoing EVH Challenge Testing for Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction

The therapeutic role of inspiratory muscle training in the management of asthma: a narrative review

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