Sex differences in depression: An immunological perspective

Kropp, Dawson R.; Hodes, Georgia E.

doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.02.016

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 179 publications

(211 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, there were no signi cant differences in forbearance between male and female students. At the same time, we found that female students' depression scores were signi cantly higher than male students, in line with previous empirical studies (Chen & Lucock, 2022; Kropp & Hodes, 2023). This could be because women have more complex neural connection patterns, higher emotional perception and response, and more activated brain areas such as the amygdala when facing negative events (Filkowski et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Gender differences in the relationship between forbearance and depression among college students — a cross-sectional study

Zhang,

Lv,

Xiao

2024

Preprint

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Background: College students are at a high risk of depression, and forbearance might be a critical resource to help college students alleviate depression. However, forbearance exhibits heterogeneity, with people displaying distinct styles of forbearance in coping with stress. Furthermore, gender differences in the relationship between forbearance and depression have not been investigated. Thus, the study aims to comprehensively explore gender differences in the relationship between forbearance and depression. Methods: Data were collected from 825 Chinese college students. We assessed their forbearance using the Forbearance Scale (FS) and evaluated their depression using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A moderated model was used to explore the effect of gender in the relationship between forbearance and depression. Results: Active forbearance (b = -0.22, t = -5.29, p ＜0.01) had a negative predictive effect on depression in college students, while repressive forbearance (b = 0.10, t = 2.35, p ＜ 0.05) had a positive predictive effect on depression. The interaction term of active forbearance and gender was a significant predictor of depression (b = 0.19, t = 2.71, p ＜0.01), and active forbearance negatively predicted depression in females at a significant level (b = -0.22, t = -5.29, p＜0.01), but not in males (b = -0.03, t = -0.60, p = 0.55). The interaction term of repressive forbearance and gender was not a significant predictor of depression (b = 0.04, t = 0.54, p = 0.59). Conclusions: The impact of active forbearance on depression was modulated by gender. When utilizing forbearance for psychological health interventions, relevant personnel should consider the heterogeneity of forbearance and potential gender differences to enhance the effectiveness of interventions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Gender differences in the relationship between forbearance and depression among college students — a cross-sectional study

Zhang,

Lv,

Xiao

2024

Preprint

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“…Males also express higher levels of PPARα in T-cells ( Dunn et al, 2007 ) and in the hippocampus ( Pierrot et al, 2019 ), where pharmacological activation of PPARα enhances synaptic plasticity in males but not female mice. These findings reflect the established role of sex in the behavioral responses to nociception ( Gregus et al, 2021 ), anxiety ( Hodes and Epperson, 2019 ), and depression ( Kropp and Hodes, 2023 ) suggesting that behavioral evaluations of NAE signaling should incorporate sex as a biological variable.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

NAPE-PLD regulates specific baseline affective behaviors but is dispensable for inflammatory hyperalgesia

Chen

Murdaugh

Miliano

et al. 2023

Neurobiology of Pain

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“…Other hypotheses emphasize the associations between depression and immune functions, such as the pathogen host defense hypothesis [5], which proposes that depression can help energy conservation and reallocation to enhance immune response. Indeed, this has been supported by a few studies [6,7]. But there are also findings that cannot be explained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Depression: an adaptive disease?

Yang

Zheng

Xia

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Whether depression can be adaptive has long been discussed, but systematically investigation of the adaptive evolution of its genetic basis at the genomic level is sparse. Here, we conducted genome-wide analyses on 320 depression genes at two levels, i.e., across the primate phylogeny (large timescale selection), and in modern human populations (recent selection). We identified seven genes under positive selection in the human lineage, and 46 genes under positive selection in modern human populations. Most positively selected variants in modern human populations were at UTR regions and non-coding exons, indicating the importance of gene expression regulation in the adaptive evolution of depression gene networks. Positively selected genes are not only related to immune response, but also function in reproduction and dietary adaptation, extending the pathogen‒host defense hypothesis. Notably, the proportion of positively selected depression genes was significantly larger than the proportion of positively selected genes at the genomic level in certain modern human populations. We also identified two positively selected variants that happened to be depression-associated variants. We thus propose that recent selection plays important roles on the adaptive evolution of depression genes. Depression can be adaptive, or is a by-product of evolution, which is still an open question.

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Sex differences in depression: An immunological perspective

Cited by 17 publications

References 179 publications

Gender differences in the relationship between forbearance and depression among college students — a cross-sectional study

Gender differences in the relationship between forbearance and depression among college students — a cross-sectional study

NAPE-PLD regulates specific baseline affective behaviors but is dispensable for inflammatory hyperalgesia

Depression: an adaptive disease?

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