Sex Differences in Neuropsychological Performance as an Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Hestad, Knut; Menon, J. Anitha; Silalukey-Ngoma, Mary; Franklin, Donald; Imasiku, Mwiya; Kalima, Kalima; Heaton, Robert K.

doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31824cc225

Cited by 62 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Sex differences in the HIV-1 Tg rat expand on differences observed in HIV-1 seropositive individuals. Recent studies have reported significantly greater neurological impairment in HIV-1 seropositive women, in comparison to HIV-1 seropositive men4344. The effect of sex on the progression of neurocognitive impairments in HIV-1 seropositive individuals has been relatively understudied; the need for longitudinal study is critical45.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression of temporal processing deficits in the HIV-1 transgenic rat

McLaurin

Booze

Mactutus

2016

Sci Rep

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The HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rat, which expresses 7 of the 9 HIV-1 genes, was used to investigate the effect(s) of long-term HIV-1 viral protein exposure on chronic neurocognitive deficits observed in pediatric HIV-1 (PHIV). A longitudinal experimental design was used to assess the progression of temporal processing deficits, a potential underlying dimension of neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1. Gap prepulse inhibition (gap-PPI), a translational experimental paradigm, was conducted every thirty days from postnatal day (PD) 30 to PD 180. HIV-1 Tg animals, regardless of sex, displayed profound alterations in the development of temporal processing, assessed using prepulse inhibition. A differential sensitivity to the manipulation of interstimulus interval was observed in HIV-1 Tg animals in comparison to control animals. Moreover, presence of the HIV-1 transgene was diagnosed with 90.8% accuracy using measures of prepulse inhibition and temporal sensitivity. Progression of temporal processing deficits in the HIV-1 Tg rat affords a relatively untapped opportunity to increase our mechanistic understanding of the role of long-term exposure to HIV-1 viral proteins, observed in pediatric HIV-1, in the development of chronic neurological impairment, as well as suggesting an innovative clinical diagnostic screening tool.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression of temporal processing deficits in the HIV-1 transgenic rat

McLaurin

Booze

Mactutus

2016

Sci Rep

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“…We first demonstrate that women with impaired cognitive ability express elevated levels of neopterin and TNF-RII compared to women with normal cognitive ability, however a significant difference was not observed in HIV-1 infected males. It has been documented previously that a greater number of HIV-1+ women develop cognitive deficits than men in Zambia, and the authors of that study suggested this may be due to sex-related social or healthcare disadvantages [37]. Within the current study, cognitive improvement following treatment initiation occurred at the same rate in both genders, although a larger percentage of females (23%) were still diagnosed with cognitive impairment after 48 weeks of treatment compared to males (15%), however this result was not significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in soluble markers vary before and after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in chronically HIV-infected individuals

Krebs¹,

Slike²,

Sithinamsuwan³

et al. 2016

Aids

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Objective To evaluate differences in soluble inflammatory markers between chronically HIV-infected men and women, with or without cognitive impairment, and in response to treatment. Design Soluble biomarkers were measured in cryopreserved plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 60 treatment-naïve individuals (25 males and 35 females) with chronic HIV infection and 18 HIV-uninfected controls (9 males and 9 females) from Thailand. Following enrollment, participants began combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and were evaluated for expression of these markers after 48 weeks. Methods Plasma and CSF levels of 19 soluble biomarkers (IFN-γ, TNFα, TNF-RII, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, MCP-1, t-Tau, IP-10, neopterin, IFNα, I-FABP, and sCD14) were measured using either a multi-parameter or standard ELISA assay. Results Prior to cART, females with impaired cognition had elevated levels of neopterin and TNF-RII compared to females with normal cognition in both the plasma and CSF, however levels did not differ between cognitively impaired or normal males. In a secondary outcome-hypothesis generating analysis, sex differences were also pronounced in plasma levels of MCP-1, IL-10, I-FABP, and sCD14 in response to treatment. Neopterin, IP-10, TNFα, TNF-RII, IFNα, MCP-1, IL-8, I-FABP, and sCD14 plasma levels remained elevated following 48 weeks of therapy in both sexes compared to uninfected controls. Conclusions We provide evidence of sustained immune activation after 48 weeks of treatment and identify possible sex differences in biomarkers previously linked to cognitive impairment, chronic inflammation, and gut integrity that may contribute to immunological differences between sexes in relationship to disease progression and response to therapy.

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“…van Wijk and Meintjes 523 et al, 2011;Jeremiah, 2009) while in other studies it did not (Hestad et al, 2012;Kanmogne et al, 2010; K. R. Robertson et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Grooved Pegboard for adult employed South Africans: normative data and human immunodeficiency virus associations

Wijk

Meintjes

2015

South African Journal of Psychology

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The Grooved Pegboard is a widely used test of psychomotor speed, and currently is used in particular to assess HIV-associated neurocognitive decline. To accurately interpret any assessment, appropriate reference norms are required. Although South Africa has the highest number of people living with HIV and AIDS, no local large scale reference data are available for the Grooved Pegboard. The main objective of the study was to formulate reference data for healthy adult South Africans in formal employment; two secondary objectives aimed to statistically explore the available Grooved Pegboard performance data, as well as its association with HIV status. Data were collected as part of multi-disciplinary occupational health screening, and included healthy HIV− adults (N = 3118), and 70 HIV+ participants. This article presents normative reference data stratified across age and gender categories. The South African scores differ from other reported samples, emphasising the need to develop local norms that are context based, to facilitate clinical interpretation of psychomotor performance. Furthermore, in this sample, the Grooved Pegboard differentiated significantly between asymptomatic HIV+ persons, and those with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, although with poor predictive ability. In conclusion, large-sample reference data for healthy employed adult South Africans (age 19-59) are reported across gender and age categories, and may assist in more accurate screening of psychomotor speed generally, and HIV-associated neurocognitive decline in particular.

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Sex Differences in Neuropsychological Performance as an Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Cited by 62 publications

References 32 publications

Progression of temporal processing deficits in the HIV-1 transgenic rat

Progression of temporal processing deficits in the HIV-1 transgenic rat

Sex differences in soluble markers vary before and after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in chronically HIV-infected individuals

Grooved Pegboard for adult employed South Africans: normative data and human immunodeficiency virus associations

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