Sex Differences in Obesity-Related Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance

Shi, Haifei; Kumar, Shiva Priya Dharshan Senthil

doi:10.5772/52972

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…Sex steroid hormone estrogen plays critical roles in the regulation of glucose metabolism and maintenance of insulin sensitivity, and deficiency of estrogen may lead to the development of insulin resistance [40]. Postmenopausal women with deficiency in endogenous estrogen have increased risk of developing T2DM [13], while hormone replacement therapy or treatment with E2 improves insulin sensitivity and lowers blood glucose levels [14, 16], and reduce incidence of diabetes [17, 18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estradiol regulates insulin signaling and inflammation in adipose tissue

Shen

Kumar²,

Shi³

2014

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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Background Obesity-associated low-grade inflammation at white adipose tissue (WAT) leads to metabolic defects. Sex steroid hormone estrogen may be protective against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and insulin resistance. This has been tested by many previous studies utilizing rodent models of ovariectomy (OVX) and/or treatment of estradiol (E2), the major biologically active form of estrogen. Body weight and adiposity are increased by OVX and reduced following E2 treatment however. Thus, the protective roles of E2 may be secondary effects to the changes of body weight and adiposity. We hypothesize that E2 directly prevents inflammation and maintains insulin sensitivity in WAT independent of energy status using mice with similar body weights and adiposity. Materials and methods Four groups of female C57BL/6 mice were used, including sham-operated mice treated with vehicle for E2 and fed with either a low-fat diet (LFD; Sham-Veh-LFD) or a HFD (Sham-Veh-HFD), and HFD-fed OVX mice treated with either vehicle (OVX-Veh-HFD) or E2 (OVX-E2-HFD). Body weight and abdominal parametrial WAT mass, insulin signaling and expression levels of genes related to low-grade inflammation in WAT were compared among these groups pair-fed with equal amounts of calories for a period of four days. Results Body weights and WAT mass were similar among all four groups. OVX-Veh-HFD mice had impaired insulin signaling associated with rapid activation of inflammation, whereas OVX-E2-HFD group maintained insulin sensitivity without showing inflammation in WAT. Conclusions E2 directly contributed to the maintenance of insulin sensitivity during early phase of development of metabolic dysfunction, possibly via preventing low-grade inflammation in WAT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, sex differences exist in the regulation of glucose metabolism [40]. There is active search for the mechanisms of estrogen in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estradiol regulates insulin signaling and inflammation in adipose tissue

Shen

Kumar²,

Shi³

2014

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

Self Cite

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“…Meanwhile, man deposit their fat in stomach area particularly as a visceral fat. Hormonal differences, reproduction process, pregnancy and lactation caused differences in fat storage and fat utilization between men and women (Shi & Kumar 2012). In this study we found that BMI and waist circumference women were significantly higher than men but the total body fat and visceral fat were the same.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…In this study we found that BMI and waist circumference women were significantly higher than men but the total body fat and visceral fat were the same. It can be caused by the shifting in fat deposition in women from subcutaneous area to visceral area particularly in menopausal women (Shi & Kumar 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors of Hypertension among Adult in Rural Indonesia

et al. 2018

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The aim of this study was to analyse the risk factors of hypertension among adult in rural Indonesia. This cross-sectional study included 112 married couples (112 men and 112 women) aged 45-59 years old and was conducted in Cianjur District, West Java, Indonesia. The measurement of body weight and fat composition used Bioelectrical Impedence Analysis (BIA) monitor (OMRON ® Karada Scan Body Composition Monitor HBF-358-BW). Body height was measured by stadiometer, meanwhile waist circumference was measured by measuring tape. Data on the blood pressure measured by an automatic blood pressure monitor (OMRON ® Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor Model HEM-7200). All measurement were done twice in repetition. Chi-square was used to analysed the association between variables and logistic regression was used to analyse the risk factors. The prevalence of hypertension was 49.1% (women 54.5%; men 43.7%). Women had a higher proportion of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, and hypertension stage 2 than men. BMI (p<0.05), waist circumference (p<0.05), total body fat (p<0.05), and visceral fat (p<0.05) were significantly higher in hypertension subject than not hypertension. Nonetheless, only waist circumference became the risk factor for hypertension (OR=4.005; 95%CI:1.47-10.914 for high risk). There is high prevalence of hypertension among adult in rural area. Adult, particularly women need to pay attention on their body fat to reduce the risk of hypertension.

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Maternal Taurine Supplementation Prevents Misprogramming

Arany

2017

Diet, Nutrition, and Fetal Programming

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Sex Differences in Obesity-Related Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance

Cited by 10 publications

References 198 publications

Estradiol regulates insulin signaling and inflammation in adipose tissue

Estradiol regulates insulin signaling and inflammation in adipose tissue

Risk Factors of Hypertension among Adult in Rural Indonesia

Maternal Taurine Supplementation Prevents Misprogramming

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