Sex Differences in Survival of H-2 Incompatible Skin Grafts in Mice treated with Antithymocyte Serum

Kongshavn, Patricia A. L.; Bliss, J. Q.

doi:10.1038/226451a0

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This is the first study to measure inflammatory mediators in a model of essential hypertension in males and females, and for all inflammatory mediators that were assessed, the levels were greater in females compared with males. This is consistent with clinical data showing that women have increased immune activity and greater autoantibody production compared with men and with experimental data reporting that females have increased rejection of transplant tissue compared with males (16,17,29). The question remains, however, as to whether increased inflammatory mediators in female SHRs equate with increased levels of tissue inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Greater fractalkine expression in mesenteric arteries of female spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with males

Sullivan¹,

Pardieck²,

Doran³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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A mircoarray analysis was performed to identify novel inflammatory genes that are differentially expressed in the mesenteric arteries of male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Fractalkine was found to be the inflammatory gene with the greatest differential expression in mesenteric arteries, with the expression being greater in female SHRs compared with males. Greater inflammatory mediators in female SHRs were verified by measuring urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor-beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) excretion, all of which were greater in female SHRs compared with males. Real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and ELISA verified greater soluble fractalkine in mesenteric arteries of female SHRs. Consistent with increased fractalkine expression, TNF-alpha-converting enzyme and TNF-alpha levels in mesenteric arteries were also greater in female SHRs. We next tested the hypothesis that mesenteric arteries from female SHRs will have greater fractalkine-induced dysfunction. Acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, phenylephrine, and KCl concentration-response curves were performed in third-order mesenteric arteries from male and female SHRs pretreated with either vehicle or fractalkine (1 microg/ml). Fractalkine decreased sensitivity to 1) acetylcholine in arteries from male SHRs, 2) phenylephrine in arteries from both sexes, and 3) KCl in arteries from female SHRs. In conclusion, urinary and vascular markers of inflammation are greater in female SHRs compared with males, although blood pressure and cardiovascular risk are less in females.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Greater fractalkine expression in mesenteric arteries of female spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with males

Sullivan¹,

Pardieck²,

Doran³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…Whereas only 4/19 (21%) of the neonatal homografts were permanently accepted by CBA females, 21/27 (78%) infant to male grafts survived for the 100 day observation period (P << 0.001). This sex difference corroborates numerous other reports in which, under a variety of conditions, females display greater immunological reactivity than males (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Neonatal Versus Adult Cba Skin Grafts On C3hsupporting

confidence: 91%

Skin Homografts: Tolerogenic Versus Immunogenic Influences in Mice

Wachtel

Silvers

1971

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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In strain combinations involving multiple non-H-2 disparities, neonatal skin grafts may survive significantly longer than adult grafts of similar genotype on normal adult hosts, and repeatedly outlive grafts of adult origin on immunosuppressed recipients. Moreover, newborn grafts of long-standing may render their hosts unresponsive to adult skin grafts from the same donor strain. With some H-2-compatible strain combinations in which homozygous neonatal grafts are rejected, F1 hybrid (heterozygous) grafts of similar age not only may survive indefinitely, but also may induce tolerance of subsequent adult parental strain homografts. These tolerogenic and gene dosage effects, although much weaker, can likewise be revealed with H-2-incompatible neonatal skin grafts.

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“…There are differences in the function of the immune system in males and females [12,13], and this is probably contributes to the different ability of males and females to deal with infections, and the different prevalence of autoimmune disease in males and females [58]. Generally, females produce more vigorous humoral and cellular immune responses than males [59,60], shown in mice as an augmented responses to different antigens [61], ability to reject allografts more rapidly that males [62], and in mice and humans by better in vitro responses to mitogens [60,63] and relative resistance to the induction of immune tolerance [64] There is a superior ability of female mice to combat various infections, including with Leishmania and amebic infection with liver abscess [65], which is thought to be due to due to sex difference in Th1 and Th2 responses [66]. Moreover, in Wistar rats infected with Trypanasoma cruzi , there is less parasitaemia in females than males [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of ageing on human lymphocyte subsets: comparison of males and females

et al. 2010

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BackgroundThere is reported to be a decline in immune function and an alteration in the frequency of circulating lymphocytes with advancing age. There are also differences in ageing and lifespan between males and females. We performed this study to see if there were differences between males and females in the frequency of the different lymphocyte subsets with age.ResultsUsing flow cytometry we have examined different populations of peripheral blood leukocytes purified from healthy subjects with age ranging from the third to the tenth decade. We used linear regression analysis to determine if there is a linear relationship between age and cell frequencies. For the whole group, we find that with age there is a significant decline in the percentage of naïve T cells and CD8+ T cells, and an increase in the percentage of effector memory cells, CD4+foxp3+ T cells and NK cells. For all cells where there was an effect of ageing, the slope of the curve was greater for men than for women and this was statistically significant for CD8+αβ+ T cells and CD3+CD45RA-CCR7- effector memory cells. There was also a difference for naïve cells but this was not significant.ConclusionThe cause of the change in percentage of lymphocyte subsets with age, and the different effects on males and females is not fully understood but warrants further study.

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Sex Differences in Survival of H-2 Incompatible Skin Grafts in Mice treated with Antithymocyte Serum

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Greater fractalkine expression in mesenteric arteries of female spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with males

Greater fractalkine expression in mesenteric arteries of female spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with males

Skin Homografts: Tolerogenic Versus Immunogenic Influences in Mice

The effect of ageing on human lymphocyte subsets: comparison of males and females

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