Sex Hormone Metabolism and Threatened Abortion

Abstract

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate changes in sex hormone metabolism in patients with threatened miscarriage.Material/MethodWe recruited 73 women in early pregnancy (6–8 weeks of gestation) and divided them into the following 2 groups based on whether they had vaginal bleeding: group A (n=34), the threatened abortion group; and group B (n=39), the normal pregnancy group. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T) serum levels were tested and sex hormone metabolites in the urine were detected using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). As the control, data for sex hormones and their metabolites were obtained in normal women of childbearing age without pregnancy (group C: n=23).ResultsE2 and T serum levels were lower in women with threatened miscarriage (group A). Estrone (E1), E2, estriol (E3), 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1), 4-methoxyestrone (4-MeOE1), 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2), and 4-methoxyestradiol (4-MeOE2) levels were significantly lower in group A (P=0.001, 0.003, 0.009, 0.001, 0.012, 0.032, and 0.047, respectively.). Urine levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (A2), and the metabolite of (A2) were also significantly lower in group A (P=0.007, 0.009, and 0.011, respectively). The 2-OHE1/E1, 4-OHE1/E1, 2-MeOE1/E1, and 2-MeOE2/E2 ratios were lower in group B, whereas the 2-OHE2/E2, 4-OHE2/E2, and 4-MeOE2/E2 ratios were dramatically lower in all pregnant women (groups A and B) than in group C.ConclusionsDeficiency in DHEA and abnormal levels of sex hormone metabolites may cause a reduction in the activity of estrogens in women with threatened abortion. These alterations may result in bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Analysis of 24 cases of polycystic ovary syndrome after failed controlled ovarian hyperstimulation

“…However, the success rate is low for PCOS patients especially for patients with high BMI because of physiopathologically complexity, such as long-term chronic anovulation resulting in polycystic ovaries and thickening ovarian cortex or not being sensitive to ovary stimulating drugs. Furthermore because the dose of HMG/FSH for follicle development is close to the threshold of OHSS, 10,11 COH treatment is easily induced in OHSS in patients with PCOS. 12 In recent years, IVM has been used to treat infertility caused by PCOS, and some progress has been made, but there are some problems such as low oocyte maturation rate, low fertilisation rate and low pregnancy rate.…”

Az ösztrogénmetabolizmus várandósság alatt

“…Feltételezésüket 73 beteg vizsgálatával támasztották alá, akiknél DHEA-szupplementáció történt terhességük előtt. Megállapították, hogy a DHEAkezelés után a vetélés gyakorisága nemcsak csökkent, de elérte az átlagos fertilis populációkban megfigyelt arányt [38].…”

Systems Pharmacology-Based Research on the Mechanism of Tusizi-Sangjisheng Herb Pair in the Treatment of Threatened Abortion

“…Chromosomal abnormality is the important cause of TA that accounts for about 50-70% of cases [6,7]. In addition, uterine malformations, cervical incompetence, polycystic ovaries, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, maternal infections, immune dysfunctions such as antiphospholipid syndrome, and exposure to environmental toxins also have association with TA [7][8][9].…”