Sex Pheromones of Summer Fruit Tortrix Moth Adoxophyes orana : Two Synergistic Isomers

Abstract

Both cis-9-and cis-11-tetradecenyl acetate were isolated from 2500 virgin females of the summer fruit tortrix moth Adoxophyes orana (F.v.R.) by gel permeation, column chromatography on silica gel, and gas chromatography. Their chemical, physical, and biological properties were identical to those of the synthetic compounds. In contrast to the single compounds, mixtures of these pheromones were highly active in laboratory and field tests. Catches, in traps, with the pheromone mixture were comparable to those obtained when live females were used as bait. This is the first example of a member of the lepidoptera in which the presence of two isomers is an absolute requirement for activity in laboratory and in field experiments.

Low Frequency Electric Field Induced Changes in the Shape and Motility of Amoebas

“…Amoeboid cells crawl parallel to a d-c electric field toward the cathode at only a few volts per centimeter (1). Mast reported that Amoeba proteus extended pseudopodia perpendicular to a 60-hz a-c electric field (2).…”

The use of polymer supports in organic synthesis. VIII. Solid phase syntheses of insect sex attractants

“…Acetylation of 27 in 0.5 n~l product formation the a b s o l~~t e loading of aldehyde on of acetic anhydride and 5 ml of pyridine gave an oil, the polymer could not be determined, but could obviously which on purification by preparative tlc (eluant ethernot be more than the polymer-bound diol, and is likely benzene 2:3), yielded 48 mg (0.19 mmol) of pure ISabout 60% of the loaded diol value. tetradecen-1-01 acetate (20,36) (30) in high yield (Table 1).…”

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7 were oxidized with the Sharpless reagent (CrO,Cl,/tert-butyl alcohol/pyridine) to give polymer-bound aldehydes [35][36][37], which on reaction with Wittig reagents and subsequent hydrolysis and acetylation gave 28, 29, and 10-tetradecen-1-01 acetate (47)

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Insect Pheromones: A Critical Review of Recent Advances in Their Chemistry, Biology, and Application

“…The smaller tea tortrix (STT) and the summer-fruit tortrix (SFT) occur sympatrically in Japan (272}and their mating times are not significantly different under laboratory conditions (273). The sex pheromones of the two species have been identified as mixtures of (Z)-9-and (Z)-ll-tetradecenyl acetate (274)(275)(276)(277), yet field trapping experiments with virgin females and mate-choice experiments in the laboratory clearly indicate a significant sexual isolation (278). The ratio of Z9-l4: Ac to Zl1-l4: Ac is 63: 37 in STT and 82: 18 in SFT (273) and the ability of males to discriminate between these ratios to a slight extent was demonstrated (273).…”