Sex-ratio adjustment in response to local mate competition is achieved through an alteration of egg size in a haplodiploid spider mite

Macke, Emilie; Magalhães, Sara; Bach, Fabien; Olivieri, Isabelle

doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1598

Cited by 19 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, the negative relationship between egg number and adult number leads us to propose that males and females were produced equally at hatching, but a differential mortality existed, skewed towards females. Macke et al (2012) suggest that the skew in sex ratio is related to egg size: females are derived from larger eggs than males; under this point of view, it is possible that the larger eggs and possibly larvae were of poorer quality that those of smaller size, and hence died earlier than smaller larvae (males). As far as we know, this is the first time that sex ratio has been reported in the DENV-2-A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs and benefits of vertical and horizontal transmission of Dengue virus

Ruiz‐Guzmán

Ramos-Castañeda

Hernández-Quintero

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Parasites can be transmitted vertically and/or horizontally, but the costs or benefits for the host of infection have only been tested after horizontal transmission. Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, the survival, reproduction and infection of Aedes aegypti during vertical and horizontal transmission of dengue virus 2 (DENV-2). Females infected horizontally produced more eggs, with a sex ratio skewed towards males, compared with uninfected controls. However, there was no significant difference in the number of emerging adults or in survival of mothers. In contrast, dengueinfected female offspring (vertical transmission) had a shorter lifespan but there were no significant differences in the number of eggs or sex ratio, compared with controls. Finally, the corroboration of infection revealed that virus infected about 11.5% and 8.8% of pools of mothers and of daughters, respectively. These results suggest that the mode of infection and the contact with the virus has no reproductive costs to female mosquitoes, which may explain why both types of transmission are evolutionarily maintained. In addition, we suggest that more attention should be paid to the male contribution to virus dissemination within and among populations and as reservoirs of the infection for human diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs and benefits of vertical and horizontal transmission of Dengue virus

Ruiz‐Guzmán

Ramos-Castañeda

Hernández-Quintero

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…In Tetranychus urticae , egg size has marked and direct consequences for fitness: larger eggs are more likely to survive to maturity, and yield on average larger adults, sex being equal (Macke et al, 2011). In this haplodiploid species, larger eggs are also more likely to be fertilized, and hence female (Macke et al, 2012). Our results here line up with a previous study showing that female Tetranychus urticae having experienced, or experiencing poor dietary environments are more likely to lay female eggs (Wrensch and Young, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distinct phenotypic signatures of dispersal and stress in an arthropod model: from physiology to life history

Dahirel

Masier

Renault

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Dispersing individuals are expected to encounter costs during transfer and in the novel environment, and may also have experienced stress in their natal patch. Given this, a non-random subset of the population should engage in dispersal and eventually show divergent stress-related responses towards new conditions. Dispersal allows escape from stress, but is equally subjecting individuals to it.Physiological shifts expressed in the metabolome form a major part of responses to stress exposure and are expected to be associated with the dispersal phenotype, thereby shaping physiological dispersal syndromes. We analyzed how metabolic profiles and life-history traits varied between dispersers and residents of the model two-spotted spider miteTetranychus urticae, and whether and how these syndromes varied with exposure to a stressful new host plant (tomato). Regardless of the effect of host plant, we found a physiological dispersal syndrome where, relative to philopatric individuals, dispersers were characterized by lower leaf consumption rates and a lower concentration of several amino acids, indicating a potential dispersal-foraging trade-off. As a possible consequence of this lower food intake, dispersers also showed a lower reproductive performance. Responses to tomato exposure were consistent with this plant being a stressor forTetranychus urticae, including reduced fecundity and reduced feeding by mites. Tomato-exposed mites laid larger eggs, which can be interpreted as a plastic response to food stress, increasing the likelihood of survival to maturity. Contrary to what could be expected from the costs of dispersal and stress resistance and from previous meta-population level studies, there was no interaction between dispersal status and host plant for any of the examined traits, indicating that the impacts of a new stressful host plant are equally incurred by residents and dispersers.We thus provide novel insights in the processes that shape dispersal and the putative feedbacks on ecological dynamics in spatially structured populations.

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“…Several experimental evolution studies have been performed with Tetranychus urticae, the most studied species. These studies have shown that it rapidly adapts to novel hosts (Fry 1989, Magalhães et al 2007a, Wybouw et al 2015, Sousa et al 2019, to pesticides (Van Leeuwen et al 2012, Dermauw et al 2013 and to different population structures (Macke et al 2011(Macke et al ,2012. Additionally, the genome of this species has been sequenced (Grbic et al 2011), allowing detailed genomic and transcriptomic studies of such adaptation processes (Dermauw et al 2013, Wybouw et al 2015, Jonckheere et al 2017, Snoeck et al 2018.…”

Section: The Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating outbred and inbred populations of haplodiploid mites to measure adaptive responses in the lab

Godinho

Cruz

Masseliere

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Laboratory studies are often criticized for not being representative of processes occurring in natural populations. This can be partially mitigated by using lab populations that capture large amounts of variation. Additionally, many studies addressing adaptation of organisms to their environment are done with laboratory populations, using quantitative genetics or experimental evolution methodologies. Such studies rely on populations that are either highly outbred or inbred. However, the methodology underlying the generation of such biological resources are usually not explicitly documented.Given their small size, short generation time, amenability to laboratory experimentation and knowledge of their ecological interactions, haplodiploid spider mites are becoming a widely used model organism. Here, we describe the creation of outbred populations of two species of spider mites, Tetranychus urticae and T. evansi, obtained by performing controlled crosses between individuals from field-collected populations. Subsequently, from the outbred population of T. evansi, we derived inbred lines, by performing several generations of sibmating. These can be used to measure broad-sense heritability as well as correlations among traits. Finally, we outline an experimental evolution protocol that can be widely used in other systems. Sharing these biological resources with other laboratories and combining them with the available powerful genetic tools for T. urticae (and other species) will allow consistent and comparable studies that greatly contribute to our understanding of ecological and evolutionary processes. DPG and SM designed the study with help from LRR and FZ. DPG and LRR collected the spider mite populations. The creation of the outbred and inbred populations was performed by DPG, MAC, MCM, JTP and CE. FZ and IF developed the formula to calculate the coefficient of inbreeding and the effective number of generations of selection. The manuscript was written by DPG and SM with considerable contributions from all authors. References Agashe, D. (2009). The stabilizing effect of intraspecific genetic variation on population dynamics in novel and ancestral habitats.

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Sex-ratio adjustment in response to local mate competition is achieved through an alteration of egg size in a haplodiploid spider mite

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Costs and benefits of vertical and horizontal transmission of Dengue virus

Costs and benefits of vertical and horizontal transmission of Dengue virus

The distinct phenotypic signatures of dispersal and stress in an arthropod model: from physiology to life history

Creating outbred and inbred populations of haplodiploid mites to measure adaptive responses in the lab

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