Sex-Specific Restriction Fragments and Sex Ratios Revealed by DNA Fingerprinting in the Brown Skua

Millar, Craig D.; Lambert, David M.; Bellamy, A R; Stapleton, Patricia M.; Young, E. C.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111230

Cited by 42 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique has been used as complementary method in minisatellite (Miyaki et al, 1997) and DNA probes like DQSG10 (Quinn et al, 1990), pV47-2 (Millar et al, 1992), pMg1 (Millar et al, 1996) for sex identification in geese, brown skua, and purple swanphen respectively.…”

Section: Rflpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex identification in avian species using DNA typing methods

Cerit

Avanus

2007

World's Poultry Science Journal

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Many avian species are considered sexually monomorphic. In monomorphic bird species, especially in young birds, sex is difficult to identify based on an analysis of their external morphology. For nestlings, sex identification is usually impossible by morphological examination. Sex identification in avian species is one of the key points of avian breeding and evolutionary studies. Through the knowledge of sex identification genes, poultry breeding programmes can be applied more successfully. Vent sexing, laparoscopy, steroid sexing and karyotyping are methods for sex identification used in monomorphic birds. However these methods are unreliable, time-consuming, and expensive while some of them could be painful and even lifethreatening for birds. The sex of an individual is established from the genes located on sex chromosomes. Female birds carry one copy of both Z and W, and male birds carry two copies of Z avian sex chromosomes. However, there are many DNA techniques, the most reliable one is amplifying sex specific CHD1 gene by P2 -P8 primer pairs.

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Section: Rflpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex identification in avian species using DNA typing methods

Cerit

Avanus

2007

World's Poultry Science Journal

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“…Communal groups typically consist of three adult birds, although groups comprising as many as seven adult birds have been recorded (Young, in prep.). Most of the communally breeding groups in the Chatham Islands' population are composed of a single female with a variable number of males (Millar et al, 1992). Breeding groups are very stable over time and are site-specific.…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood samples were collected from 16 different breeding groups from a total of 94 individuals consisting of 49 adults and 45 chicks. The sex of all individuals was determined genetically by the presence or absence of two high molecular weight sex-specific restriction fragments inferred to be located on the W chromosome (Millar et al, 1992).…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of reproductive success determined by DNA fingerprinting in a communally breeding oceanic bird

Millar

Anthony

Lambert

et al. 1994

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Using DNA fingerprinting we estimated the reproductive success of 49 adult birds belonging to 16 breeding groups of the sexually monomorphic brown skua (Catharacta lonnbergi) from the Chatham Islands (New Zealand). This population has a variable mating system, breeding in both monogamous and polyandrous groups. The parentage of 45 chicks produced over three breeding seasons was unequivocally determined using the multilocus probes 33.15 and 33.6. We found no evidence of either extra-pair or extra-group fertilization and there was no evidence to suggest egg dumping by females in any breeding group. Consequently, in the case of pairs, parentage of all chicks was assigned to the resident adult birds. In addition, band sharing analysis indicated that members of communal groups were not close relatives. In the 10 communally breeding groups examined, multiple paternity within a clutch was recorded on two of the 12 occasions in which two chicks were reared. Analysis of the parentage of offspring belonging to different groups, from different years, demonstrated that the number of chicks produced by some adult males varied considerably between seasons. In contrast, the reproductive success of other individuals was constant; for example, one male produced two chicks in each of the three seasons it was studied, while other males in communal groups did not produce any chicks during the course of this study. Fitness is a lifetime parameter, and any assessment of it requires studies over at least the average lifetime ofan individual. The findings presented in this study suggest that, for brown skuas, there are significant differences in the reproductive success of some adult males in different breeding seasons. These results indicate that estimates of reproductive fitness based on only a single breeding season's data can be seriously inaccurate. Should temporal changes in paternity (and/or maternity) be shown to be common phenomena in other species, then such results would have major implications for the interpretation of parentage studies.

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“…Either proteinase K digestion with phenol/chloroform extraction (Millar et al 1992), or commercial silica/ guanidine hydrochloride column purification (Roche Diagnostics and Qiagen kits) methods were used for DNA extraction. An iCycler thermalcycler (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc) was used for PCR with 15 ll reactions containing 200 lM each dNTP, 1.5-2.5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.5 lM each primer, 1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin, 0.5 units Taq DNA polymerase (Invitrogen) and 5 ng genomic DNA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite DNA loci identify individuals and provide no evidence for multiple paternity in wild tuatara (Sphenodon: Reptilia)

Hay

Lambert

2007

Conserv Genet

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Six new microsatellite DNA loci are isolated from a genomic library of the sphenodontid reptile tuatara (Sphenodon) and presented here as a tool for identifying individuals for future paternity and kinship studies. These loci, in combination with four previously published loci, are sufficient to discriminate between clutch-mate siblings from Stephens Island and Brothers Island populations. These populations represent high and low levels of genetic diversity in tuatara populations respectively. An estimate of minimum number of fathers of each clutch found no evidence for multiple paternity in any clutch. These newly isolated loci complete the development of an array of genetic tools for use in tuatara to enhance ongoing conservation and management of wild, translocated and captive populations.

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Sex-Specific Restriction Fragments and Sex Ratios Revealed by DNA Fingerprinting in the Brown Skua

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

Sex identification in avian species using DNA typing methods

Sex identification in avian species using DNA typing methods

Patterns of reproductive success determined by DNA fingerprinting in a communally breeding oceanic bird

Microsatellite DNA loci identify individuals and provide no evidence for multiple paternity in wild tuatara (Sphenodon: Reptilia)

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