Sex Steroid Treatment of Constitutionally Tall Stature

Drop, S. L. S.

doi:10.1210/er.19.5.540

Cited by 67 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The treatment options for children with extreme tall stature are limited. To reduce final height (FH), boys have been treated with high-dose testosterone and girls with high-dose estradiol [3, 4]. The treatment was introduced already in 1956, but its use has decreased dramatically in the last two decades, possibly due to a change in attitude towards tall stature and concerns of long-term complications [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis Operation around the Knee to Reduce Adult Height in Extremely Tall Adolescent Girls and Boys

Benyi

Berner

Bjernekull

et al. 2010

International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology

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Objective. The aim was to determine efficacy and safety of a surgical method to reduce adult height in extremely tall adolescents. Methods. Data for all girls (n = 12) and boys (n = 9) in our center subjected to bilateral percutaneous epiphysiodesis around the knee who had reached final height were included. Final height predictions were based on hand and wrist X-rays before surgery. Results. When compared to prediction, adult height was reduced by 4.1 ± 0.7 cm in treated girls (P < .001) and 6.4 ± 0.7 cm in treated boys (P < .001) corresponding to a 33.6 ± 3.4% and 33.6 ± 4.2% reduction of remaining growth, respectively. Besides mild to moderate postoperative pain reported in 9 operated individuals, no other side effects were reported. Postoperative X-rays confirmed growth plate closure and absence of leg angulations. Conclusions. Bilateral epiphysiodesis is an effective and safe method to reduce adult height in extremely tall girls and boys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis Operation around the Knee to Reduce Adult Height in Extremely Tall Adolescent Girls and Boys

Benyi

Berner

Bjernekull

et al. 2010

International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology

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“…In boys with excessively tall stature, who were treated with high doses of testosterone (500-1000 mg/month) for reduction of final height [6,7], the most prevalent adverse side effect was acne [8,9], but aggressive behavior and troublesome erections have also been reported [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term adverse effects of testosterone used for priming in prepubertal boys before growth hormone stimulation test

Albrecht

Penger

Marx

et al. 2017

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Background: Despite the fact that priming with sex steroids in prepubertal children before growth hormone (GH) provocative tests is recommended, there is an ongoing controversial discussion about the appropriate age of the children, the drug used for priming, the dose and the period between priming and the GH test. Interestingly, there is no discussion on the safety of this procedure. To date, only little data have been available on the possible side effects of priming with testosterone. Methods: We analyzed the outcome in 188 short-statured prepubertal boys who had been primed with testosterone enanthate (n = 136: 50 mg; n = 51: 125 mg, and accidentally one boy with 250 mg) 7 days prior to the GH test. Serum testosterone levels were measured on the day of the GH test in 99 boys. Results: Overall, only five boys developed adverse side effects. Two boys (dose 125 mg) showed severe low-flow priapism and had to undergo decompression of the corpora cavernosa. One boy suffered from self-limiting priapism and testicular pain (dose 50 mg). Two patients reported testicular pain (each dose 50 mg). The single patient with 250 mg testosterone did not show any adverse effects. The total side effect rate was 2.7%. The serum testosterone levels of the boys with side effects were not different from the testosterone levels of the boys without any side effects. Conclusions: Parents and patients should be informed about the possible side effects of priming with testosterone such as priapism and testicular pain. However, the overall side effect rate is low. We found no correlation between the outcome and the testosterone dose used and/or the level of serum testosterone.

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“…Eligible for the study were boys with predicted adult height (PAH) according to the Bayley & Pinneau (14) method above 197 cm who presented in our clinic in the period between June 1993 and June 1995 (7). Of the 16 boys, one was lost to follow-up after 1 year and was not included in the analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Height was expressed in standard deviation scores (SDS) compared with Dutch standards (17). PAH was calculated using the index of potential height based on BA readings according to the method of GP (IPHGP) and the BP method (7). Free thyroxine and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I were measured every 6 months initially and later yearly.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of tall stature in boys with somatostatin analogue 201–995: effect on final height

2006

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Background: An optimal treatment for tall stature in boys in terms of efficacy and safety is not available. Treatment with somatostatin analogue 201 -995 (SMS) has been tried with positive short-term results. Methods: We evaluated the effect of SMS treatment on reducing adult height. Over 2 years, 16 boys presenting to our university hospital with tall stature (constitutional tall stature (n ¼ 13), Marfan syndrome (n ¼ 2) and tethered spinal cord (n ¼ 1)) with a predicted final height above 197 cm were included in the study and prospectively followed until final height was reached. As one boy was lost to follow-up we have reported on 15 boys. Treatment with SMS as a single subcutaneous dose was started and continued until final height was reached. In eight boys androgens were given to induce puberty after the start of SMS and five boys were on treatment with androgens prior to SMS treatment. Effect on reduction of final height prediction, calculated with the index of potential height based on the bone age of Greulich and Pyle, was the main outcome measure. Standard anthropometric assessments were performed a year before and every 3 months during treatment. Bone age was assessed by the method of Greulich and Pyle at the start and after 6 and 12 months. Results: Mean reduction in final height prediction (predicted adult height minus achieved adult height) was 2 0.1 cm (range 26.4 to þ5.7). In three boys, asymptomatic microlithiasis of the gall bladder was diagnosed. Conclusions: We have concluded that, in spite of encouraging short-term results, long-term treatment with SMS does not reduce final height in a manner sufficient to justify SMS treatment in tall stature.

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Sex Steroid Treatment of Constitutionally Tall Stature

Cited by 67 publications

References 62 publications

Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis Operation around the Knee to Reduce Adult Height in Extremely Tall Adolescent Girls and Boys

Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis Operation around the Knee to Reduce Adult Height in Extremely Tall Adolescent Girls and Boys

Short-term adverse effects of testosterone used for priming in prepubertal boys before growth hormone stimulation test

Treatment of tall stature in boys with somatostatin analogue 201–995: effect on final height

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