Sex Steroids in Relation to Sexual and Skeletal Maturation in Obese Male Adolescents

Vandewalle, Sara; Taes, Youri; Fiers, Tom; Helvoirt, Maria Van; Debode, Patrick; Herregods, Nele; Ernst, Catherine W.; Caenegem, Eva Van; Roggen, Inge; Verhelle, F.; Schepper, Jean De; Kaufman, Jean‐Marc

doi:10.1210/jc.2014-1452

Cited by 47 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This explains why patients with aromatase deficiency resulting from inactivating mutation of the aromatase gene show undetectable levels of E 2 and, as a result, low BMD (9). Among male patients who are not aromatase deficient, aside from influencing bone maturation and peak bone mass acquisition, aromatase activity may also influence body composition, even at an early age (27,28). In a study among young males aged 6-19 years old, Vandewalle et al (27,28) reported that circulating E 2 was positively associated with skeletal maturation and areal and volumetric BMD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among male patients who are not aromatase deficient, aside from influencing bone maturation and peak bone mass acquisition, aromatase activity may also influence body composition, even at an early age (27,28). In a study among young males aged 6-19 years old, Vandewalle et al (27,28) reported that circulating E 2 was positively associated with skeletal maturation and areal and volumetric BMD. In addition, lean mass in these patients was also found to positively correlate with higher testosterone levels (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High aromatase activity in hypogonadal men is associated with higher spine bone mineral density, increased truncal fat and reduced lean mass

Aguirre

Colleluori

Fowler

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Because the aromatase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of testosterone to estradiol (E 2 ), the activity of this enzyme could be important in the musculoskeletal health of men with low testosterone. The objective of the present study is to determine the influence of aromatase activity on the bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition of patients with hypogonadism. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The baseline data of 90 patients between 40 and 74 years old who participated in a genetic study of response to testosterone therapy in men with low testosterone (i.e., !300 ng/dl) were analyzed. BMD and body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum testosterone was measured by automated immunoassay, E 2 was measured by ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay, and sex hormone-binding globulin was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Results: Men in the highest tertile of E 2 to testosterone ratio (E 2 :T) had the highest spine BMD (P%0.037), highest truncal fat (PZ0.046), and lowest truncal lean body mass (PZ0.045). A similar pattern was observed in the upper extremities; that is, fat mass significantly increased (PZ0.047), whereas lean mass significantly decreased (PZ0.034) with increasing E 2 :T tertiles. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that in men with hypogonadism, aromatase activity could be an important determinant of musculoskeletal health. Men with high aromatase activity are able to maintain a higher BMD despite low circulating testosterone, but they have lower lean and higher truncal fat mass as compared to those with lower aromatase activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High aromatase activity in hypogonadal men is associated with higher spine bone mineral density, increased truncal fat and reduced lean mass

Aguirre

Colleluori

Fowler

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Various alterations in hormone levels have been proposed to be responsible for this phenomenon, such as androgens [5-8], oestrogens [5-7, 9], and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) [7]. Furthermore, 2 recent studies indicated that increasing insulin resistance and insulin secretion are associated with BA advancement [10, 11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, some studies evaluated the difference between BA and chronological age (CA) [8, 10], whereas others assessed the ratio between these parameters [11], while an age-adjusted indicator would theoretically be superior. Furthermore, some studies included prepubertal children only [6, 10], while others also included pubertal children [5, 7]. Additionally, most studies reported on androgen and oestrogen levels as absolute levels, although these vary significantly with age and pubertal staging, making age an important potential confounder in association studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Advanced Bone Age in Childhood Obesity

et al. 2017

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Background: Childhood obesity is associated with advanced bone age (BA). Previous studies suggest that androgens, oestrogens, sex hormone-binding globulin, and insulin are responsible for this phenomenon, but results are contradictory and might be biased by confounders. We aim to elucidate this matter by applying a multivariate approach. Method: We performed a correlation analysis of BA standard deviation score (SDS) with age- and sex-specific SDS for androgens, oestrogens, and with indicators of insulin secretion derived from oral glucose tolerance testing, in a group of obese children. A multivariate analysis was performed to investigate which parameters were independently predictive of BA SDS. Results: In this cohort (n = 101; mean age 10.9 years; mean BA 11.8 years; mean BMI SDS 3.3), BMI SDS was significantly correlated to BA SDS (r = 0.55, p < 0.001). In a regression analysis in the total cohort (B = 0.27, p < 0.001) as well as in females (B = 0.34, p = 0.042), males (B = 0.31, p = 0.006), and pubertal children (B = 0.32, p = 0.046), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) showed a positive, independent association with BA SDS. No association with indicators of insulin secretion was found. Conclusion: BMI SDS is highly correlated to BA SDS in obese children. Increased DHEAS has a central role in advanced BA in obese children.

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“…Of note, in this study, baseline testosterone concentrations were greater in normal-weight than that in obese early pubertal subjects. Lower concentrations of total testosterone with normal testicular volumes and comparable LH and FSH concentrations have been described in obese boys, associated with the progression of puberty (20,21). This phenomenon has been attributed to the reduced sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) binding capacity, the decreased LH pulse amplitude, and the relative increase of estrogen production (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidation improves in puberty in normal weight and obese boys, in positive association with exercise-stimulated growth hormone secretion

et al. 2015

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Background:Oxidative stress is associated with obesity while the evidence for the role of GH in pro-and antioxidation is inconclusive. This study investigates the relationships between growth hormone (GH), pro-and antioxidation in relation to obesity and puberty before and after an acute bout of exercise. Methods: In this case-control study, 76 healthy normalweight and obese, prepubertal and pubertal boys underwent a blood sampling before and immediately after an aerobic exercise bout until exhaustion at 70% maximal oxygen consumption. Markers of prooxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (PCs)) and antioxidation (glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), GSH/GSSG ratio, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) and hormones (GH, insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-BP-3, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone) were measured. results: Baseline and postexercise TBARS and PCs were greater, while baseline GSH, GSH/GSSG ratio, GPX, and TAC were lower in obese than that in normal-weight participants. In all participants, waist was the best negative and positive predictor for postexercise GPX and TBARS, respectively. Baseline TAC was greater in pubertal than that in pre-pubertal participants. In all participants, baseline GH was the best negative predictor for postexercise PCs. Significant positive linear correlation exists between the exercise-associated GH, and GSSG increases in pubertal normal-weight boys. conclusions: Higher prooxidation and lower antioxidation were observed in obese boys, while antioxidation improves with puberty and postexercise, paralleling GH accentuated secretion.o xidative stress defines a state of imbalance between proand antioxidation within the cell (1). Prooxidation refers to mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial mechanisms, which generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), whereas antioxidation refers to the adaptive activation of enzymatic and/ or nonenzymatic mechanisms, which scavenge prooxidants and their products within cells and in extracellular body fluids (1). Because the direct measurement of RONS is difficult to perform, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (PCs) have been employed as markers of prooxidation (1). Glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), the enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase and the so-called total antioxidant capacity (TAC) have been employed as markers of antioxidation (2-4). Oxidative stress in humans has been associated with obesity and resulting comorbidities (1,5,6). Childhood obesity has been associated with oxidative stress even before comorbidities occur (6,7).Puberty is a maturation period in human development, when sexual characteristics and reproductive competence are developed (8). It is characterized by changes in the dynamically regulated hypothalamic-growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes (9). ...

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Sex Steroids in Relation to Sexual and Skeletal Maturation in Obese Male Adolescents

Cited by 47 publications

References 33 publications

High aromatase activity in hypogonadal men is associated with higher spine bone mineral density, increased truncal fat and reduced lean mass

High aromatase activity in hypogonadal men is associated with higher spine bone mineral density, increased truncal fat and reduced lean mass

Determinants of Advanced Bone Age in Childhood Obesity

Antioxidation improves in puberty in normal weight and obese boys, in positive association with exercise-stimulated growth hormone secretion

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