Sexing based on measurements of the femoral head parameters on pelvic radiographs

Akhlaghi, Mitra; Bakhtavar, Khadijeh; Vida, Allahyar Parsa; Ali, Rehema; Mehdizadeh, Farzaneh; Maryam, Vasheghani Farahani; Yousefinejad, Vahid

doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2014.01.004

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The reference range was 113.9° to 140.0°. the widely discussed differences in sex (Nissen et al 2005, Elbuken et al 2012, Gilligan et al 2013, Mitra et al 2014, we assessed higher NSA in females confirming previous results (Boissonneault et al 2014, Boese et al 2015. Moreover, we found a positive association with body height on the NSA, as did Nissen et al (2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Possible sex-based differences in the NSA have been investigated, with divergent results. Some documented higher NSA for men (Elbuken et al 2012, Nissen et al 2005, Mitra et al 2014, others for women (Boissonneault et al 2014), or no sex difference at all was found (Doherty et al 2008, Gilligan et al 2013. The decrease of NSA from childhood to adulthood is generally accepted (Anderson and Trinkaus 1998, Beall et al 2008, Boese et al 2016.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The neck–shaft angle: an update on reference values and associated factors

et al. 2019

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The neck–shaft angle: an update on reference values and associated factors

et al. 2019

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“…It is also dimorphic within the same population [5], and very useful in sexing skeletal remains. Several dimensions of the femur, including femoral head diameter, femoral length, and bicondylar breadth have been utilized for the allocation of sex in unknown skeletal individuals [1,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for sex estimation using the proximal femur

Curate

Coelho

Gonçalves

et al. 2016

Forensic Science International

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The assessment of sex is crucial to the establishment of a biological profile of an unidentified skeletal individual. The best methods currently available for the sexual diagnosis of human skeletal remains generally rely on the presence of well-preserved pelvic bones, which is not always the case. Postcranial elements, including the femur, have been used to accurately estimate sex in skeletal remains from forensic and bioarcheological settings. In this study, we present an approach to estimate sex using two measurements (femoral neck width [FNW] and femoral neck axis length [FNAL]) of the proximal femur. FNW and FNAL were obtained in a training sample (114 females and 138 males) from the Luís Lopes Collection (National History Museum of Lisbon). Logistic regression was used to develop a model to predict sex in unknown individuals. The logistic regression model correctly predicted sex in 85.3% to 85.7% of the cases. The model was also evaluated in a test sample (96 females and 96 males) from the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection (University of Coimbra), resulting in a sex allocation accuracy of 80.1% to 86.2%. This study supports the relative value of the proximal femur to estimate sex in skeletal remains, especially when other exceedingly dimorphic skeletal elements are not accessible for analysis.

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“…The femoral measurements are important in gender determination [15][16][17][18]. The femoral length, head diameter, bicondylar width, femoral shaft angle with the horizontal, and collo-diaphyseal angle are used for this purpose [17][18][19][20][21]. The femoral head diameter is a highly significant variable in gender determination [17,18,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collo-Diaphyseal Angle as an Optimal Anthropometric Criterion of Femur in Gender Determination

Akhlaghi

Azizian

Sadeghian

et al. 2019

IJMTFM

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Background: Gender determination is an important challenge in the identification of skeletal remnants and dismembered bodies. The femur bone is more likely to be preserved during accidents and over time; thus, it is one of the most useful bones in gender determination. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 54 fresh femur pairs of ˃19-yearold Iranians without anomalies or trauma. We studied the length of the femur, vertical head diameter, bicondylar width, shaft angle with the horizon, and collo-diaphyseal angle in male and female samples. Data were analyzed in SPSS using t-test and Receiver Operating Characteristic curves. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The samples' mean age was 37 years in males and 41 years in females. The mean values of measurements were not significantly different between the left and right femurs (P>0.05). The vertical head diameter, maximum length, bicondylar width, and the shaft angle were significantly larger in the males, compared to females. The mean degree of collodiaphyseal angle was significantly wider in females, compared to males (P<0.05). The highest precision of gender differentiation belonged to the collo-diaphyseal angle (96.3%) and the lowest one belonged to the vertical head diameter (77.8%). Conclusion: Based on our findings, even with the existence of only one femur bone, gender determination can be achieved with high precision. Collo-diaphyseal angle would be helpful in gender determination, even with the sole availability of the proximal part of the femur.

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Sexing based on measurements of the femoral head parameters on pelvic radiographs

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

The neck–shaft angle: an update on reference values and associated factors

The neck–shaft angle: an update on reference values and associated factors

A method for sex estimation using the proximal femur

Collo-Diaphyseal Angle as an Optimal Anthropometric Criterion of Femur in Gender Determination

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