Sexual behaviors of Ongole Crossbred bulls and cows with colony housing system

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the sexual behaviors of Ongole crossbreed bulls and cows with colony housing systems. Bull sexual behaviors was observed, including Oro-Nasal Contact (ONC), Flehmen, Mounts Orientation Response (MOR), Mounts, and Services. Cows sexual behaviors were: Mounting, Standing-to-be-mounted (STBM), and vulvar appearance (color, swelling, secretion of mucus). Sexual behaviors were observed in 24 hours, with the estrous cycle stage was determined by changes in the character of the vaginal epithelial cells. The data was analyzed by using statistic varian one-way method. The result showed that Ongole crossbreed bulls had sexual behaviors (ONC, Flehmen, MOR, Mounts, and Services) significantly higher than cows with estrous phase (P<0.01). The intensity of bull sexual behaviors had been influenced by the phase of estrous of the cows. At the time of estrus, the cows had the response of mounting (25%), STBM (100%), reddening vulva (75%), swelling vulva (75%), and mucus secretion (100%) that could be a factor of high sexual behavior intensity of the bulls. The conclusion of this study was bulls and cows that kept with the colony housing system had increased sexual behaviors when the cows at the estrous phase.

Successful Pregnancy Results from Double Dosage Artificial Insemination in Different Estrous Characteristics in Madura Cattle

“…The slightly swollen vulva had a CR value of 55.56% and PR 60.00%. The highest percentage of pregnancy in this study was in the vulva which was very swollen at dosage 1, this is also supported [16] that high estrogen causes the increased blood circulation in the female reproductive organs, making the vaginal appearance swell which causes changes in vulvar fissure during oestrus cattle [15] that increased mucus secretion was initiated by thickening of the vaginal wall and increased vascularization by stimulation of the hormone estrogen. This condition causes changes in the condition of the vulva to swell and become red and hormone production…”

“…Meanwhile, in the slightly swollen vulva, the percentage of NRR-1 was 62.22% and NRR-2 was 64.44%. This is supported by statements [15] states that increased levels of estrogen are associated with reddening and swelling of the vulva during heat which stimulates blood flow to the reproductive tract and related genital organs, increased mucus secretion is initiated by thickening of the vaginal wall and increased vascularity by stimulation of the hormone estrogen. This condition causes changes in the condition of the vulva to swell and become red.…”

The primipara reproductive performance of Bali cows with natural mating compared to artificial insemination

“…The heifer will wag its tail, ride another cow and sniff the genitalia. Baliarti et al [6] stated that during estrus, a cow would show sexual behavior in the form of mounting, riding other cows, and standing to be mounted (silence when being climbed by other cows). Then the changes in the characteristics of the vulva in the form of a reddish color, swelling, and clear mucus secretion.…”

The Reproductive Performance of Ongole Grade Cows at Smallholder Farmer with Different Housing Systems

“…Farmers will notify cow owners when cattle are in estrus so that mating can be carried out on time and reduce the possibility of repeated mating. One of the factors that influence the high rate of repeated mating and S/C is the ability of farmers to detect estrus [11].…”

“…whereas research [11] states that the presence of bulls can make cows express better sexual behavior, which certainly can improve the reproductive performance of cows. Reproductive performance can be seen from S/C, PPE, calving interval (CI), and calf crops [12], [13].…”