Sexual Differences in response to Mid- or Low-Premixed Insulin Analogue in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Objective. To observe whether there are sexual-related differences in response to mid- or low-premixed insulin in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods. This was an analysis of CGM data of a previous study. After screening, patients with longstanding T2D receive a 7-day continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy, and then subjects were randomly assigned 1 : 1 into two groups receiving Novo Mix 30 or Humalog Mix 50 regimen for a 2-day phage, followed by a 4-day cross-over period. A 4-day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was performed during the cross-over period. The primary endpoint was the differences in glycemic control between male and female patients receiving mid- or low-premixed insulin therapy. Results. A total of 102 patients (52 men and 50 women) completed the study. Our data showed that male patients had significant decrease in mean glucose levels monitored by CGM after three meals during Humalog Mix 50 treatment period compared to those received Novo Mix 30 regimen (0900: 11.0±2.5 vs. 12.2±2.8, 1000: 9.9±2.9 vs. 11.3±3.1, 1200: 8.0±1.9 vs. 9.1±2.5, 1400: 9.2±2.3 vs. 10.3±2.5, and 2000: 7.3±2.1 vs. 8.2±2.4 mmol/L, p<0.05, respectively). In addition, male patients receiving Novo Mix 30 experienced a significantly increased hypoglycemic duration compared to those of receiving Humalog Mix 50 (0 (0, 4.8) vs. 0 (0, 0), p<0.05). Conclusion. Our data indicate that male patients with T2D receiving mid-premixed insulin analogue regimen may have a potential benefit of improvement in glycemic control compared to female patients. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov ChiCTR-IPR-15007340.

Effects of Dapagliflozin Adjunct to Insulin on Glycemic Variations in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled, Open‐Labeled Trial

“…Patients were instructed to maintain their usual diet and exercise at home, and investigations titrated insulin doses according to -2 days of self-monitoring blood glucose (before and 2 h after three meals each day and before bedtime) on each scheduled weekly visit. Investigators titrated insulin doses on an individual-patient basis using the titration algorithm: if the fasting blood glucose level was less than 4.4 mmol/L, the basal insulin dose was reduced by 2 units; if the fasting blood glucose level was within 4.4-7.0 mmol/L, the basal insulin dose was unchanged; if the fasting blood glucose level was within 6.2-7.8, 7.9-10.0, or >10.0 mmol/L, the basal insulin dose was increased subsequently by 2, 4, or 6 units, respectively; if the postprandial blood glucose level was less than 4.4 mmol/L, the bolus insulin dose was reduced by 2 units; if the postprandial blood glucose level was within 4.4-10.0 mmol/L, the bolus insulin dose was unchanged; if the postprandial blood glucose level was >10.0 mmol/L, the bolus insulin dose was increased subsequently by 2 units, respectively, as described previously [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Insulin Administration Methods for the Treatment of Diabetes

“…Needle-free insulin syringes have no foreign bodies other than the insulin solution entering the body and avoid the risk of needle cuts and breakage that can occur with traditional insulin pens. This shows that needle-free syringes can save the dose of basal insulin, improve the bioavailability of insulin, reduce the probability of hypoglycemia, improve patients' blood glucose control level, reduce insulin resistance and protect the function of the pancreas [10]. Needle-free syringes also have the advantage of wide distribution of the drug, fast diffusion and even absorption, as well as the elimination of pain and pain caused by needle injections.…”

Fasting Glucose of 6.1 mmol/L as a Possible Optimal Target for Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Insulin Glargine: A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…The percentages of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats were 55%, 17%, and 28%, respectively. After the CGM data collection, the mean amplitude of glycaemic excursion (MAGE) was calculated manually for each patient by measuring the arithmetic mean of the ascending and descending excursions between consecutive peaks and nadirs for the same 24 hr period, wherein only absolute excursion values > 1 standard deviation (SD) were considered, as previously described [25,26]. In addition, According to clinical condition by the investigator -1-2 U or no change Group 3: 3:9 < FBG ≤ 6:1 Group 1: 3:9 < FBG ≤ 5:6…”