Sexual dimorphism in corallite size and modularity of a broadcast spawning coral, Porites lobata

Pedraza-Pohlenz, Ricardo M.; Balart, Eduardo F.; Tortolero-Langarica, J. J. Adolfo; Rodríguez-Troncoso, Alma Paola; Hellberg, Michael E.; Norzagaray-López, Orión; Cabral-Tena, Rafael A.; Cupul-Magaña, Amílcar Leví; Paz‐García, David A.

doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.1068391

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 46 publications

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“…For example, are there modules in the body plan and what is the level of coordination in the development of morphological structures (modules; Klingenberg, 2014 )? Answering these types of questions using geometric morphometrics helps to identify functional relationships between traits (Klingenberg et al., 2010 ; Martinez & Sparks, 2017 ; Zelditch & Goswami, 2021 ), constraints on phenotypic responses (Du et al., 2019 ; Klingenberg, 2005 ; Sanger et al., 2012 ) and the cost and benefits of alternative phenotypes (Martín‐Serra et al., 2019 , 2021 ; Pedraza‐Pohlenz et al., 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator‐induced shape plasticity in Daphnia pulex

Paplauskas,

Morton,

Hunt

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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All animals and plants respond to changes in the environment during their life cycle. This flexibility is known as phenotypic plasticity and allows organisms to cope with variable environments. A common source of environmental variation is predation risk, which describes the likelihood of being attacked and killed by a predator. Some species can respond to the level of predation risk by producing morphological defences against predation. A classic example is the production of so‐called ‘neckteeth’ in the water flea, Daphnia pulex, which defend against predation from Chaoborus midge larvae. Previous studies of this defence have focussed on changes in pedestal size and the number of spikes along a gradient of predation risk. Although these studies have provided a model for continuous phenotypic plasticity, they do not capture the whole‐organism shape response to predation risk. In contrast, studies in fish and amphibians focus on shape as a complex, multi‐faceted trait made up of different variables. In this study, we analyse how multiple aspects of shape change in D. pulex along a gradient of predation risk from Chaoborus flavicans. These changes are dominated by the neckteeth defence, but there are also changes in the size and shape of the head and the body. We detected change in specific modules of the body plan and a level of integration among modules. These results are indicative of a complex, multi‐faceted response to predation and provide insight into how predation risk drives variation in shape and size at the level of the whole organism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator‐induced shape plasticity in Daphnia pulex

Paplauskas,

Morton,

Hunt

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Sex-associated differences in sclerochronology and sensitivity to thermal stress in Caribbean and eastern Pacific reef-building corals

Cabral-Tena,

Tortolero-Langarica,

Carricart-Ganivet

et al. 2024

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The density banding patterns of the skeletons of massive reef-building corals can be used as historical records of their growth, life history, and environmental conditions. By analyzing these patterns, it is possible to estimate growth parameters such as skeletal density, extension rate, and calcification rate. The responses of stony corals to environmental stress depend on the amount of energy available for high-energetic metabolic processes, including skeletal calcification and sexual reproduction. The sex of a colony may also influence its calcification rate and resistance to environmental stressors like thermal anomalies. Here, we review and summarize the literature that focuses on sex-associated differences in coral calcification rates between male and female colonies and then we examine their differential responses to changes in sea surface temperature (SST) in Porites panamensis, P. lobata, Pavona gigantea, Siderastrea siderea, Montastraea cavernosa, Dichocoenia stokesi, and Dengrogyra cylindrus from the eastern Pacific and Caribbean regions through a reanalysis of published data. Differences in the calcification rates between sexes were due to the energy available for calcification and the strategy employed for skeletal growth. Female corals exhibited lower calcification rates than male colonies in all coral species. The results reveal that overall, the calcification rate was negatively related to SST when the data of both sexes were pooled. However, when data were analyzed separately by sex, only the calcification rate of females was significantly dependent on SST. These findings highlight the implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions using coral skeletons and the potential disparities in the populations of gonochoric corals.

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Sexual dimorphism in corallite size and modularity of a broadcast spawning coral, Porites lobata

Cited by 2 publications

References 46 publications

Predator‐induced shape plasticity in Daphnia pulex

Predator‐induced shape plasticity in Daphnia pulex

Sex-associated differences in sclerochronology and sensitivity to thermal stress in Caribbean and eastern Pacific reef-building corals

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