“…Within modern humans, anthropologists have considered the utility of deciduous elements for discerning bioregional affiliation and/or ancestry (e.g., Sciulli, 1977Sciulli, , 1980Kitagawa et al, 1995;Kitagawa, 2000;Harris, 2001;Lease, 2003;Lease and Sciulli, 2005). The feasibility of using tooth size to estimate the sex of subadults has also been explored (De Vito and Saunders, 1990;Alvrus, 2000;Adler and Donlon, 2010;Cardoso, 2010;Viciano et al, 2013); this topic is of great importance to bioarchaeologists working in prehistoric contexts where subadult (skeletal) sex is often elusive. Recent paleoanthropological literature has examined deciduous crown morphology and shape (e.g., Benazzi et al, 2011Benazzi et al, , 2012 or differential rates of primary and overall dental development (e.g., Bayle et al, 2009Bayle et al, , 2010de Castro et al, 2010;Smith et al, 2010) as features distinguishing hominin taxa.…”