Sexual dimorphism of body composition and insulin sensitivity across pubertal development in obese Caucasian subjects

Baratto, Claudia; Tozzi, Alberto Eugenio; Fintini, Danilo; Ciampalini, Paolo; Grossi, Armando; Fiori, Rossana; Kiepe, Daniela; Manco, Melania; Schiaffini, Riccardo; Porzio, Ottavia; Cappa, Marco; Barbetti, Fabrizio

doi:10.1530/eje-08-0878

Cited by 52 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Similar to other studies (5, 6), female predominance was found among patients diagnosed during the pediatric age. This may be the result of hormonal changes during puberty that aggravate insulin resistance in females (16). Conversely, men significantly outnumbered women among patients diagnosed at 20-59 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 2 diabetes from pediatric to geriatric age: analysis of gender and obesity among 120 183 patients from the German/Austrian DPV database

Awa

Fach²,

Krakow

et al. 2012

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Aim: To characterize the clinical phenotype of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with respect to age, gender, and BMI. Method: Anonymized data of 120 183 people with T2DM from the German/Austrian multicenter Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation database were analyzed based on chronological age or age at diagnosis (0-19, 20-39, 40-59, 60-79, and R80 years). Age, gender, and BMI comparisons with clinical phenotype were made using c 2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests (SAS V9.2). Results: Of all the patients, 51.3% were male, average age was 67.1G12.7 years, and average disease duration was 9.9G9.1 years. More girls than boys were diagnosed during adolescence and more men than women during adulthood (20-60 years). No gender differences existed when age at diagnosis was R60 years. Patients were obese on average (BMI: 30.5G6.1 kg/m 2 ) and had significantly higher BMI values than German population peers. The BMI gap was widest in the younger age categories and closed with increasing age. Adult women were significantly more obese than men. Obese patients more often had elevated HbA1c (R7.5%), hypertension or dyslipidemia (irrespective of age), microalbuminuria (adults), or retinopathy (elderly) than nonobese patients. More men than women (20-60 years) had hypertension, dyslipidemia, or microalbuminuria while more women than men (R60 years) had hypertension or dyslipidemia. Conclusion: During puberty, more girls than boys were diagnosed with T2DM while during adulthood males predominated. T2DM manifested at comparatively lower BMI in males, and younger patients were more obese at diagnosis. Age, gender, and BMI were also associated with poor metabolic control and cardiovascular disease comorbidities/complications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 2 diabetes from pediatric to geriatric age: analysis of gender and obesity among 120 183 patients from the German/Austrian DPV database

Awa

Fach²,

Krakow

et al. 2012

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The factors influencing insulin sensitivity during puberty, however, have not been clearly defined (6). Although IR in puberty may be exaggerated by obesity (20), the decrease in insulin sensitivity is not completely explained by differences in BMI or adiposity. Furthermore, studies have shown that neither testosterone nor estradiol levels are independently related with IR (21), and IR in normal puberty might be related to the GH/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis (6,22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in Mexican children and adolescents

Aradillas‐García

Rodrı́guez-Morán

Garay-Sevilla

et al. 2012

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Several cutoff points of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; varying from 2.5 to 4.0) have been suggested for diagnosing IR in youth. In this study, we determined the distribution of the HOMA-IR in Mexican children and adolescents. Design and methods: A total of 6132 children and adolescents from San Luis Potosi, León, Queretaro, and Durango, which are cities in central and northern Mexico, were enrolled in a population-based cross-sectional study. Eligible participants were apparently healthy children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. Pregnancy and the presence of chronic illnesses were exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 3701 (60.3%) girls and 2431 (39.7%) boys were included in this study. In the overall population, the mean body mass index, insulin levels, and fasting glucose levels were 21.8G1.3 kg/m 2 , 7.1G3.2 mU/ml, and 86.2G10.0 mg/dl respectively. The concentrations of insulin and fasting glucose gradually increased from 6 to 12 years of age, whereas the concentrations tended to plateau in the 13-to 18-year-old population. The absolute mean of the HOMA-IR was 2.89G0.7. The HOMA-IR gradually increased with age and reached a plateau at 13 years of age. Conclusions: Because the insulin concentrations, glucose levels, and HOMA-IR exhibited a gradual increase with age that was not related to obesity, our results suggested that the evaluation of IR in children should be based on percentiles of the HOMA-IR rather than a dichotomous value derived from a single cutoff point.

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“…One report of randomly selected subjects aged 14 − 19 showed that fasting insulin peaked at age 16 and subsequently declined in both sexes, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was highest in those aged 16 − 17 years 31) . Another study reported decreased insulin sensitivity in obese subjects mid-puberty, which had returned to pre-pubertal levels by the end of puberty 32) . We speculated that the elevated FIRI in those aged around 16 years may strongly contribute to insulin sensitivity and visceral fat accumulation.…”

Section: Visceral Fat Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Visceral Fat Accumulation in Japanese High School Students and Related Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

Tadokoro

Shinomiya

Yoshinaga

et al. 2010

JAT

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Aim:To investigate the factors that influence visceral fat accumulation in adolescence, we performed a medical examination of high school students and assessed abdominal fat thickness and fatty change of the liver. Methods: A cohort of 374 Japanese high school students aged 15 − 16 years (193 boys and 181 girls) in public high schools in Chiba prefecture were enrolled. Anthropometric parameters, blood cell count, blood chemistry and adipocytokine levels were measured. Preperitoneal fat thickness (PFT) and echoic contrast of the liver were measured by ultrasonography. Results: Anthropometric parameters, systolic blood pressure, blood cell count, ALT, AST, FBS, -GTP, HDL-C, LpL, UA, adiponectin, resistin and leptin levels differed between sexes. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that leptin was the most appropriate marker for PFT in both sexes (p 0.0001). Visceral obesity, categorized as PFT exceeding 8 mm, was observed in 9.6% of all students. Boys with visceral obesity showed apparent liver dysfunction, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and high leptin and low adiponectin levels. Overall, 16.6% of boys and 30.4% of girls showed hepatorenal echo contrast positivity. Boys with visceral obesity and fatty liver had more risk factors for atherosclerosis. Conclusions: Physical examination of high school students is important for early detection of atherosclerosis.J Atheroscler Thromb, 2010; 17:546-557.

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Sexual dimorphism of body composition and insulin sensitivity across pubertal development in obese Caucasian subjects

Cited by 52 publications

References 29 publications

Type 2 diabetes from pediatric to geriatric age: analysis of gender and obesity among 120 183 patients from the German/Austrian DPV database

Type 2 diabetes from pediatric to geriatric age: analysis of gender and obesity among 120 183 patients from the German/Austrian DPV database

Distribution of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in Mexican children and adolescents

Visceral Fat Accumulation in Japanese High School Students and Related Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

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