Sexual Equality in an Integrated Europe

Elman, Robert

doi:10.1057/9780230610071

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For example, maternity leave policies have sometimes received the support of unions, leftist parties, and some religious organizations and women in government, whereas abortion rights have often provoked vehement opposition from religious authorities (Blofeld and Haas 2005;Htun 2003;Mazur 2002;Weldon 2011). 29 Similarly, Elman (2007) argues that the reason we see little progress on issues such as prostitution and pornography in the European Union, in spite of growing attention to domestic violence and rape, is that the pornography and prostitution industries are supported by major business interests which politicians are anxious to avoid antagonizing. When organized groups defend their perceived vested interests, the chance for change depends on the balance of forces contending for government action and the political context that empowers them or impedes their struggles (Htun and Weldon 2010;Skocpol 1992).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first major document recognizing violence against women as a violation of women's human rights was the United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women, a product of the World Conference on Human Rights held in Vienna in 1993(Brown Thompson 2002Elman 2007;Weldon 2006b). The global women's movement worked to transform the Vienna conference from a general conference on human rights to a conference on women's rights.…”

Section: International Norms and Global Civil Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Montoya (2009, 333) notes that the EU's initiatives aimed at combating violence against women occurred after the mid-1990s. This was partly because it was not until the late 1990s that the European Union began to expand its jurisdiction beyond economic matters to social issues, especially human rights (see also Elman 2007). The 1997 resolution calling for a zero tolerance campaign specifically cites UN instruments (such as CEDAW and the Vienna Declaration) and the Council of Europe as motivations.…”

Section: International Norms and Global Civil Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extant literature suggests that this tipping point occurs around the time that the norm is adopted by about one-third of states in the system. By 1985, more than 30% of the countries in the system had ratified CEDAW, but the 17 Note that in 2006 (after the period covered in our statistical analysis), the European Union passed a more comprehensive recommendation on combating VAW (Elman 2007;Montoya 2009). The Council of Europe also adopted a convention on violence against women on April 7, 2011.…”

Section: Tipping Points For Global and Regional Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Civic Origins of Progressive Policy Change: Combating Violence against Women in Global Perspective, 1975–2005

Htun¹,

2012

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O ver the past four decades, violence against women (VAW) has come to be seen as a violation of human rights and an important concern for social policy. Yet government action remains uneven. Some countries have adopted comprehensive policies to combat VAW, whereas others have been slow to address the problem. Using an original dataset of social movements and VAW policies in 70 countries over four decades, we show that feminist mobilization in civil society-not intra-legislative political phenomena such as leftist parties or women in government or economic factors like national wealth-accounts for variation in policy development. In addition, we demonstrate that autonomous movements produce an enduring impact on VAW policy through the institutionalization of feminist ideas in international norms. This study brings national and global civil society into large-n explanations of social policy, arguing that analysis of civil society in general-and of social movements in particular-is critical to understanding progressive social policy change.V iolence against women is a global problem. Research from North America, Europe, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, and Asia has found astonishingly high rates of sexual assault, stalking, trafficking, violence in intimate relationships, and other violations of women's bodies and psyches. These assaults violate human rights, undermine democratic transitions, harm children, and are tremendously costly. 1 Today, violence against women (VAW)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: International Norms and Global Civil Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: International Norms and Global Civil Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tipping Points For Global and Regional Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Civic Origins of Progressive Policy Change: Combating Violence against Women in Global Perspective, 1975–2005

Htun¹,

2012

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“…Kathrin Zippel (2004 and Birgit Locher (2007), for instance, illustrate norm diffusion throughout the EU, stressing the role of movement activists with regard to sexual harassment and sex-trafficking policies; others focus on enlargement's effects on sex-trafficking (Kligman and Limoncelli 2005). Amy Elman (2007) admonishes that EU policies involving violence against women have created only 'virtual equality'; Montoya (2008) delivers a more positive evaluation. Given the feminisation of migration worldwide (Askola 2007), others are zooming in on external relations (Gya 2009), on the effects of a 'fortress Europe' mentality on women as (forced) migrants and on the latter's place in development aid and trade policy (Debusscher and True 2009;Elgström 2000), as well as in security and defence fields (Eulriet 2009).…”

Section: From 'Add Women and Stir' To A Comprehensive Gender Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendering the European Union

Abels¹,

Mushaben²

2012

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This timely new series publishes leading monographs and edited collections from scholars working in the disciplinary areas of politics, international relations and public policy with specific reference to questions of gender. It showcases cutting-edge research in gender and politics, publishing topical and innovative approaches to gender politics. It will include exciting work from new authors and well-known academics, and it will also publish highimpact writing by practitioners working in issues relating to gender and politics.The series covers politics, international relations and public policy, including gendered engagement with mainstream political science issues, such as political systems and policymaking, representation and participation, citizenship and identity, equality and women's movements; gender and international relations, including feminist approaches to international institutions, political economy and global politics; and interdisciplinary and emergent areas of study, such as masculinities studies, gender and multiculturalism and intersectionality.Potential contributors are encouraged to contact the series editors, Johanna Kantola, (johanna.kantola@helsinki.fi) and Judith Squires (judith.squires@bristol.ac.uk).

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Never Mind Patriarchy, But Do Mention the War! Reflections on the Absence of Gender History from theHouse of European History

Ighe¹

2020

European Review

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This article explores the absence of a consistent longer historical narrative about gender relations in European history, as the latter is presented in the recently opened House of European History in Brussels and, to some extent, in the European Parliament’s visitor centre, Parlamentarium. It is argued that gender equality is presented as part of a modern European identity, but that it is a phenomenon that isn’t given such a problematic history as many other phenomena – gender inequality is not construed as a part of European history in the way that, for example, totalitarianism and colonialism are. Gender inequality isn’t seen and constructed as a previous challenge to European unification and integration, and therefore gender equality can’t be perceived as a solution to a relevant problem in the narratives at hand.

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Sexual Equality in an Integrated Europe

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

The Civic Origins of Progressive Policy Change: Combating Violence against Women in Global Perspective, 1975–2005

The Civic Origins of Progressive Policy Change: Combating Violence against Women in Global Perspective, 1975–2005

Gendering the European Union

Never Mind Patriarchy, But Do Mention the War! Reflections on the Absence of Gender History from theHouse of European History

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