Sexual networks of pregnant women with and without HIV infection

Johnson, Kay M.; Alarcón, Jorge; Watts, Douglas M.; Rodríguez, Celia Alonso; Velásquez, Carlos; Sánchez, Jorge; Lockhart, David; Stoner, Bradley P.; Holmes, King K.

doi:10.1097/00002030-200303070-00016

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…10 Another recent case-control study of HIVþ and HIVÀ women in Peru observed that partner risk behaviors, including sex with female sex workers (FSWs) or sex with other men, were the strongest predictors of HIV status, and that even monogamous women had extraordinarily large sexual networks due to partner behavior. 11 However, with the possible exception of short duration of current partnership, and ever using condoms, our results did not elucidate other partner and partnership-related factors associated with CT infection in this population. The interview questions in this study may not have ascertained the most relevant partner and partnership-related factors with respect to CT infection, and it may be that the best partnership predictors vary by infection (i.e., partner factors related to HIV risk may be different than those related to CT risk).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Generation C: Prevalence of and Risk Factors forChlamydia trachomatisamong Adolescents and Young Women in Lima, Peru

Paul

García

et al. 2009

Journal of Women's Health

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Objective: Adolescent and young adult women in urban, socioeconomically disadvantaged areas are at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We assessed associations of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection with both traditional STI risk factors, and partner and partnership-related factors among low-income women in Lima, Peru, by age group. Methods: In a cross-sectional analysis of CT infection among 1290 postpartum women, cervical swabs were collected for CT polymerase chain reaction (PCR) within 48 h after delivery, and a structured interview was completed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors for CT, with separate models stratified by age: adolescents (12-19 years), young women (20-24 years), and older women (!25 years). Results: CT was detected in 9.6% of adolescents, 9.0% of young women, and 5.4% of older women (p ¼ 0.03). Among adolescents, history of drug use (odds ratio [OR] ¼ 5.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-30.6) and short duration of current partnership (OR ¼ 2.6, 95% CI 1.14-5.93) were the strongest predictors of CT infection. Among young women, younger age at coitarche (OR ¼ 0.74 for each year older, 95% CI 0.60-0.91) and low income (OR ¼ 2.40, 95% CI 1.04-5.55) were associated with CT, while self-report of ever using condoms was protective (OR ¼ 0.22, 95% CI 0.08-0.61). Among older women, only younger age at coitarche was related to CT (OR ¼ 0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.97). Conclusions: Risk factors for CT among women in Lima, Peru, differed for adolescents, young women, and older women, which may reflect differences in biology and=or immunology of CT as well as variability in the occurrence of specific risk behaviors by age group.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Generation C: Prevalence of and Risk Factors forChlamydia trachomatisamong Adolescents and Young Women in Lima, Peru

Paul

García

et al. 2009

Journal of Women's Health

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“…Past studies of the general male population in Peru have shown that 10-15% of men have had sex with another man at some point during his lifetime, and 6-8% within the last year (Caceres, 1999;Johnson et al, 2003;Sanchez et al, 1996). In our study esquineros exhibited substantial high-risk sexual behaviors including high rates of recent sex with men (14.2% reported a male partner among their last five partners in the past 6 months) and high rates of bisexuality among those who have sex with men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Rates of Sex with Men among High-Risk, Heterosexually-Identified Men in Low-Income, Coastal Peru

et al. 2007

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In this paper we describe sex with men, including the frequency of sex and unprotected sex, among high-risk, heterosexually-identified men in urban, low-income, coastal Peru. During 2001-2002, a random community-based sample of these men was administered an epidemiologic survey collecting sexual risk behavior data. Among the 924 high-risk heterosexually-identified men, 131 NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript (14.2%) reported at least one male partner in the past 6 months. Of these, 113 (86.3%) reported male and female partners and among those with partners of both sexes, 84.2% and 57.0% of sex acts with female and male partners, respectively, were unprotected, (RR 1.48, 95% CI = 1.31-1.68). We observed a high rate of recent bisexual behavior compared to past studies showing frequent, unprotected sex with male and female partners. This population has substantial potential to act as a bridge population between and their male and female partners and should be addressed by prevention programs.

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“…However the information necessary for evaluating degree-based correlations is available from link-tracing designs and related adaptive designs (Goodman, 1961;Thompson and Seber, 1996). These observations emphasize the need for partner enrollment studies (e.g., Johnson et al, 2003) to facilitate improved inference on the contact structures which support STI epidemics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interval estimates for epidemic thresholds in two-sex network models

Handcock

Jones

2006

Theoretical Population Biology

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Epidemic thresholds in network models of heterogeneous populations characterized by highly right-skewed contact distributions can be very small. When the population is above the threshold, an epidemic is inevitable and conventional control measures to reduce the transmissibility of a pathogen will fail to eradicate it. We consider a two-sex network model for a sexually transmitted disease which assumes random mixing conditional on the degree distribution. We calculate interval estimates for the epidemic threshold for stochastic process models in three human populations based on representative surveys of sexual behavior (Uganda, Sweden, USA). For Uganda and Sweden, the epidemic threshold is greater than zero with high confidence. For the USA, the interval includes zero. We discuss the implications of these findings along with the limitations of epidemic models which assume random mixing.

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Sexual networks of pregnant women with and without HIV infection

Abstract: HIV infection risk among pregnant women in Lima depends largely on their male partners' risk behaviors. Even monogamous women had very large sexual networks.

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Generation C: Prevalence of and Risk Factors forChlamydia trachomatisamong Adolescents and Young Women in Lima, Peru

Generation C: Prevalence of and Risk Factors forChlamydia trachomatisamong Adolescents and Young Women in Lima, Peru

High Rates of Sex with Men among High-Risk, Heterosexually-Identified Men in Low-Income, Coastal Peru

Interval estimates for epidemic thresholds in two-sex network models

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