Sexual recombination and genetic diversity in Iranian populations of Pyrenophora teres

Abstract

Pyrenophora teres is an economically important pathogen of barley worldwide causing net blotch diseases. In this study, the frequency and mating-type alleles's distribution as well as genetic diversity of P. teres were assessed on micro-spatial scale and also on macro-geographical scale to find out whether a sexual cycle is possible within its Iranian populations. A multiplex PCR assay was developed for simultaneous identification and recognition of P. teres f. teres and P. teres f. maculata and to screen their mating-type alleles. 118 isolates of P. teres were procured from barley fields of East Azerbaijan province during 2017-2018. Among 89 isolates of P. teres f. teres examined, 39 isolates were found as MAT1-1 and 50 isolates were found to be MAT1-2.Among 29 isolates of P. teres f. maculata examined, 17 isolates were found as MAT1-1 and 12 isolates were found to be MAT1-2 with the dominancy belonging to MAT1-1.Nearly same mating-type alleles distribution within and between various populations of P. teres f. teres (1:1 ratio; χ 2 = 1.36) and P. teres f. maculata (1:1 ratio; χ 2 = 0.862) was observed. Genetic diversity assessment of 118 P. teres isolates was carried out through inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis and results revealed that there was 70.83% and 63.89% polymorphism among the isolates of P. teres f. teres and P. teres f. maculata, respectively. No relation was observed between the isolates and their mating as well as geographical type. Among collected isolates (89 P. teres f. teres and 29 P. teres f. maculata isolates), the gene diversity was generally similar (h = 0.280 and h = 0.238 for P. teres f. teres and P. teres f. maculata, respectively). Based on our findings and referring to the prior data on the structure of P. teres population, we conclude that in the majority of tested areas, this fungal species might have the potential to undergo regular sexual recombination cycles.

Management of Pyrenophora teres f. teres, the Causal Agent of Net Form Net Blotch of Barley, in A Two-Year Field Experiment in Central Italy

“…In fact, for example, P. teres f. maculata has become more prevalent in North Dakota (USA), Idaho (USA), Victoria (Australia), Turkey, and the western provinces of Algeria [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Conversely, P. teres f. teres is the most present form in northeastern Algeria, East Azerbaijan, Finland, and in most parts of the Ethiopian highlands [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Net blotch (Pyrenophora teres Drechsler): An increasingly significant threat to barley production

“…In the USA, its presence was recorded in North Dakota and Montana (Liu et al 2012;Lartey et al 2013), California and Minnesota (Steffenson & Webster 1992), and Pennsylvania (Delserone & Cole 1987), while in Canada, net blotch was found in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba (Tekauz & Mills 1974;Tekauz 1990;Van den Berg & Rossnagel 1990;Akhavan et al 2015Akhavan et al , 2016. It was also reported in Mexico (Romero-Cortes et al 2021), Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Colombia and Peru (Garozi et al 2020;Uranga et al 2020;Abebe 2021;Gamba et al 2021), as well as in Asian countries such as Iran (Dokhanchi et al 2021;Vasighzadeh et al 2022), Israel (Ronen et al 2019), Syria (Bouajila et al 2011), Uzbekistan (Abebe 2021), Afghanistan, Armenia, China, India, Iraq, Japan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Turkmenistan. It is also widespread across Africa, with reports for Tunisia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Algeria, Morocco, Egypt, Libya, South Africa, Saint Helena, Tanzania, and Zambia (Scott 1992;Louw et al 1996;Douiyssi et al 1998;El Yousfi & Ezzahiri 2001Campbell et al 2002;Jebbouj & El Yousfi 2010;Bouajila et al 2011;Owino et al 2013;Taibi et al 2016;Were et al 2016;Lammari et al 2020a;Abebe 2021;Mohammed et al 2021;Lhadj et al 2022).…”