Sexual size dimorphism, disassortative pairing, and annual survival of Broad-billed Sandpipers in northern Norway

Sandercock, Brett K.; Rae, Robert; Rae, Stuart; Whitfield, D. Philip

doi:10.18194/ws.00288

Cited by 17 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Our annual estimates of apparent survival indicate that projected lifespan could be 17.3 years for male godwits and 7.7 years for male willets. Estimates of maximum longevity are known to be biased because they are a function of ringing and recovery effort (Sandercock, 2003). Nevertheless, our estimates of average lifespan are consistent with previous reports of maximum longevity for both species, including 25–29+ years for godwits (Colwell et al, 1995; Gratto‐Trevor, 2020) and 10+ years for willets (Lowther et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Major threats to migratory waterbirds are thought to include habitat loss and degradation, climate change, and unsustainable harvest (Bellio et al, 2017; Pearce‐Higgins et al, 2017; Watts et al, 2015), but the demographic mechanisms of ongoing population declines remain poorly understood. Reliable estimates of fecundity and survival are fundamental to conservation planning but remain unavailable for many widespread species (Méndez et al, 2018; Piersma et al, 1997; Sandercock, 2003). Baseline information on demographic rates for stable populations are particularly useful for identifying environmental perturbations that are likely to reduce future population viability (Burton et al, 2006; McDuffie et al, 2022; Piersma et al, 2016; Taylor & Dodd, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breeding populations of Marbled Godwits and Willets have high annual survival and strong site fidelity to managed wetlands

Sandercock

Gratto‐Trevor

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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The Prairie Pothole Region of central Canada supports a diverse community of breeding waterbirds, but many species have declining populations and the demographic mechanisms driving the declines remain unknown. We conducted a 7-year field study during 1995-2001 to investigate the demographic performance of Marbled Godwits (Limosa fedoa) and Willets (Tringa semipalmata) breeding in managed wetlands near Brooks, Alberta. Mark-recapture analyses based on Cormack-Jolly-Seber models revealed that the annual rates of apparent survival for Marbled Godwits ( ̂ = 0.953 ± 0.012SE) and Willets ( ̂ = 0.861 ± 0.015SE) are among the highest rates of survivorship reported for any breeding or nonbreeding population of large-bodied shorebirds. Our estimates of life expectancy for males were comparable to longevity records in godwits (17.3 years ±5.8SE vs. 25-29+ years) and willets (7.7 ± 1.5SE vs.10+ years). The two species both showed strong breeding site fidelity but differed in rates of mate fidelity. Pairs that reunited and males that switched mates usually nested <300 m from their previous nests, whereas females that switched mates usually moved longer distances >1.1-1.5 km. Returning pairs usually reunited in godwits (85%) but not in willets (28%), possibly because of species differences in adult survival or patterns of migration. Baseline estimates of annual survival for banded-only birds will be useful for evaluating the potential effects of new tracking tags or the environmental changes that have occurred during the past 20 years. Conservation strategies for large-bodied shorebirds should be focused on reduction of exposure to anthropogenic mortality because low rates of natural mortality suggest that losses to collisions at breeding sites or harvest at nonbreeding areas are likely to cause additive mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding populations of Marbled Godwits and Willets have high annual survival and strong site fidelity to managed wetlands

Sandercock

Gratto‐Trevor

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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“…These declines are especially worrisome for long‐lived shorebirds, as their reproductive potential is typically low and their population recovery might therefore be slow (McNew et al 2012). If a breeding population is stable, this low reproductive potential is counteracted by relatively high adult survival (Sandercock 2003), but if adult survival is too low, populations decline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors potentially affecting shorebird survival during the nonbreeding period are habitat loss and degradation (Lafferty 2001, Baker et al 2004), hunting (Fowlie 2011, Watts 2013), and environmental contaminants (Henkel et al 2012). Reductions in adult survival rates have the potential to substantially affect the population sizes of long‐lived organisms (Hitchcock and Gratto‐Trevor 1997, Baker et al 2004, Piersma et al 2016) and are thus important to monitor to help stabilize declining species (Sandercock 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apparent survival estimates produced from mark-recapture models more accurately represent true survival than annual return rates because encounter probability accounts for the failure to detect a marked bird (Williams et al 2002). However, estimates of apparent survival produced by mark-recapture analyses not only reflect the probability that an individual survives, but also the probability that the bird returns to the study area (Sandercock 2003). For this reason, differences in apparent survival within or between species may indicate differences in survival, site fidelity, or both.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Consistent apparent adult survival and nest‐site fidelity of whimbrelNumenius phaeopusnear Churchill, Manitoba, Canada over a 40 year period

Ausems

Perz

Johnson

et al. 2023

Journal of Avian Biology

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Reliable estimates of adult survival for many shorebird species are lacking. We used Cormack–Jolly–Seber (CJS) methods to provide an estimate of apparent, or local, survival (φ) of a population of whimbrels, Numenius phaeopus, breeding in the subarctic Churchill, Manitoba region. We used data collected in two time‐periods: 1973–1976 and 2010–2014. We also quantified nest‐site fidelity in 2010–2014 to provide context to our apparent survival estimates because mark‐recapture analyses cannot distinguish between mortality and permanent emigration. The most parsimonious CJS model did not include effects of sex or time on apparent adult survival in either period (φ = 0.76 ± 0.13 SE; φ = 0.75 ± 0.04 SE, 1973–1976 and 2010–2014, respectively). Additionally, observations of marked whimbrels between 2010 and 2019 (n = 124) showed that 61 of the 105 marked individuals (58.1%) were resighted. These estimates of return rates are, as expected, much lower than estimates of apparent survival. The median year‐to‐year distance between nests (n = 139) in 2010 to 2014 was 198 m ± 88 SE and did not differ significantly (p = 0.84) between females (x̄ = 721.9 m ± 119.8 SE) and males (x̄ = 720.3 m ± 83.1 SE). If our apparent survival estimate is indicative of true survivorship, then adult mortality during the non‐breeding season has remained constant over the last five decades, implying that the recent decline in whimbrel populations may stem largely from reduced fecundity, including egg or juvenile survival, rather than primarily from reduced adult survival.

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Climate change consequences for differential adult survival and the mating system of a temperate breeding shorebird

Stenzel,

Hudgens,

Page

et al. 2023

Ecosphere

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Managing for the effects of climate change on species whose populations are currently imperiled requires detailed knowledge of the relationship between their demographic rates and climate variables. We sought this information for the West Coast breeding population of snowy plover (Charadrius nivosus), which was federally listed as threatened in 1993 due to substantial declines in the numbers of plovers breeding along the coast and in the number of sites occupied for breeding. Snowy plovers employ a serially polygamous breeding system in which the male typically tends chicks to independence. This unusual breeding system is favored by male‐biased sex ratios in local populations. As part of a multispecies study of the effect of climate change on population growth, we used mark–capture models to examine climate drivers of adult survival for 1219 snowy plovers banded at Monterey Bay over 38 years and known to overwinter on the surrounding north‐central California outer coast. Nonclimate variables, including sex and unmeasured annual mortality risks (e.g., predator abundance), were the primary factors affecting adult survival. However, there is evidence that cold weather, particularly extended cold snaps with daily low temperatures below 2°C and daily high temperatures below 10°C, decreases overwinter survival. Exceptionally cold winters had a particularly strong effect on adult female plovers, contributing to the male‐biased adult sex ratios. Future winter climate on the north‐central California coast is projected to be generally warmer with fewer and shorter cold snaps. Reduced mortality from cold winter weather may mitigate other threats faced by plovers, such as anthropogenically enhanced predator populations, habitat loss, and accelerated sea level rise, while altering the adult sex ratio and potentially shifting the evolutionary landscape maintaining the plover's unusual breeding system.

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Sexual size dimorphism, disassortative pairing, and annual survival of Broad-billed Sandpipers in northern Norway

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Breeding populations of Marbled Godwits and Willets have high annual survival and strong site fidelity to managed wetlands

Breeding populations of Marbled Godwits and Willets have high annual survival and strong site fidelity to managed wetlands

Consistent apparent adult survival and nest‐site fidelity of whimbrelNumenius phaeopusnear Churchill, Manitoba, Canada over a 40 year period

Climate change consequences for differential adult survival and the mating system of a temperate breeding shorebird

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